Search results for "Lipids"
showing 10 items of 2228 documents
The Participation of the Complement System in Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease
1991
Atherosclerosis is a vascular disease of large and medium-sized arteries wherein the tunica intima becomes thickened due to lipid accumulation, mostly cholesterol and its esters, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and increased deposition of connective tissue matrix. A major risk factor in the development of this disease is hypercholesterolemia arising from elevated levels of low density lipoproteins (LDL). The earliest recognizable lesion, which may be a precursor to the fibrofatty plaque, is the fatty streak. It is predominantly composed of monocyte-derived macrophage foam cells, i.e. cells ladened with intracellular lipid droplets. Hence, a fundamental aspect of atherogenesis is the insud…
Niemann-Pick Type C-2 Disease: Identification by Analysis of Plasma Cholestane-3β,5α,6β-Triol and Further Insight into the Clinical Phenotype.
2014
Niemann-Pick type C disease is a rare disorder caused by impaired intracellular lipid transport due to mutations in either the NPC1 or the NPC2 gene. Ninety-five % of NPC patients show mutations in the NPC1 gene. A much smaller number of patients suffer from NPC2 disease and present respiratory failure as one of the most frequent symptoms. Several plasma oxysterols are highly elevated in NPC1 and can be used as a biomarker in the diagnosis of NPC1.Plasma cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol was evaluated as biomarker for NPC2 by GC/MS and LC-MS/MS analysis. The diagnosis was confirmed by Sanger sequencing and filipin staining.We report three NPC2 patients with typical respiratory problems and a detail…
Modified lipoproteins as contrast agents for imaging of atherosclerosis.
2007
The ability to detect and characterize atherosclerosis with targeted contrast agents may enable initiation of therapy for atherosclerotic lesions prior to becoming symptomatic. Since lipoproteins such as high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) play a critical role in the regulation of plaque biology through the transport of lipids into and out of atherosclerotic lesions, modifying HDL and LDL with radioisotopes for nuclear imaging, chelates for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or other possible contrast agents for computed tomography imaging techniques may aid in the detection and characterization of atherosclerosis. This review focuses on the literature employing l…
Lipid content and essential fatty acid (EFA) composition of mature Congolese breast milk are influenced by mothers' nutritional status: Impact on inf…
1998
To measure the lipid content and the fatty acid (FA) composition of breast milk as part of a nutritional survey of the essential fatty acid (EFA) status of 5 months old Congolese infants.Cross sectional nutrition survey.A suburban district of Brazzaville (capital of the Congo).A random sample of nursing mothers and their 5 months old infants (n = 102). Data collection procedures: The mothers were questioned on their socio-economic status, dietary habits, and their body mass index (BMI) was measured. Breast milk samples were collected from each mother. Milk lipid content and fatty acid composition were determined.Compared with milk from various countries, Congolese women's mature breast milk…
Evaluation Of Massive Parallel Sequencing As A Diagnostic Tool For Familial Hypercholesterolemia
2015
Abstract Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is one of the most common single gene disorders, which is mostly inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. The physical signs of FH are elevated low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), elevated total cholesterol (TC) levels and tendon xantomas. Identification and early treatment of affected individuals is desirable and in lack of physical symptoms DNA-based diagnosis provides confirmation of diagnosis and enables early patient management. The majority of FH cases are caused by mutations in four genes (APOB, LADLR, PCSK9, and LDLRAP1). There are commercial kits available for testing of the 20 most common FH causing mutations, but the spectrum …
Effects of polyphenols and lipids from Pennisetum glaucum grains on T-cell activation: modulation of Ca2+ and ERK1/ERK2 signaling
2015
International audience; BACKGROUND: Pearl millet (PM), i.e., Pennisetum glaucum, is widely grown in Africa and known for its anti-oxidant and anti-hyperlipidemic properties.METHODS: The P. glaucum grains were obtained from the region of Ouled Aïssa (South of Algeria). We assessed the effects of phenolic compounds and lipids, extracted from seeds of P. glaucum, on rat lymphocyte proliferation, activated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin. In order to explore signaling pathway, triggered by these compounds, we assessed interleukin-2 (IL-2) mRNA expression and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/ERK2) phosphorylation. Finally, we determined increases in free intracell…
Periodontitis and mechanisms of cardiometabolic risk: Novel insights and future perspectives
2019
Periodontitis is an infectious and inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting tissues caused by the accumulation of subgingival plaque and the action of specific periodontopathogenic bacteria. Periodontitis has been associated with cardiovascular diseases and considered a cardiovascular risk factor. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this association, such as the infection of atherosclerotic plaques by periodontal pathogens, the pro-atherogenic effect on the lipid profile, the systemic dissemination of pro-inflammatory mediators or the contribution to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Periodontal treatment has also been related to improvement in cardiometabolic risk variables, and o…
Periodontitis, blood lipids and lipoproteins
2014
Periodontitis, one of the most common chronic infections in adults, is characterized by the accumulation of dental plaque and infection by gram-negative pathogens bacteria, which further lead to the destruction of periodontal tissues. A relationship between chronic periodontitis and abnormalities in lipid and/or lipoprotein metabolism is not well understood yet. Periodontitis is associated with elevated pro-atherogenic plasma-lipids, including small dense LDL, while oxidized LDL may act as inflammatory stimulant in periodontitis. Periodontal pathogens may directly modify lipoprotein, including protective characteristics of HDL and contribute to development of metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diab…
Phosphorylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α in rat Fao cells and stimulation by ciprofibrate
1999
The basic mechanism(s) by which peroxisome proliferators activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) is (are) not yet fully understood. Given the diversity of peroxisome proliferators, several hypotheses of activation have been proposed. Among them is the notion that peroxisome proliferators could activate PPARs by changing their phosphorylation status. In fact, it is well known that several members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily are regulated by phosphorylation. In this report, we show that the rat Fao hepatic-derived cell line, known to respond to peroxisome proliferators, exhibited a high content of PPARalpha. Alkaline phosphatase treatment of Fao cell lysat…
A novel peripherally restricted cannabinoid receptor antagonist, AM6545, reduces food intake and body weight, but does not cause malaise, in rodents
2010
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists reduce food intake and body weight, but clinical use in humans is limited by effects on the CNS. We have evaluated a novel cannabinoid antagonist (AM6545) designed to have limited CNS penetration, to see if it would inhibit food intake in rodents, without aversive effects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Cannabinoid receptor binding studies, cAMP assays, brain penetration studies and gastrointestinal motility studies were carried out to assess the activity profile of AM6545. The potential for AM6545 to induce malaise in rats and the actions of AM6545 on food intake and body weight were also investigated. KEY RESULTS AM6545 binds to CB1 recep…