Search results for "Lipids"

Variations in plasma lipids and in the LDL peak particle size after acute myocardial infarction

2002

Ethnic Differences in Serum Lipids and the Association with Insulin Sensitivity, Body Composition and Lifestyle Factors in South African Women

2009

Ethanol preservation effects on stable carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen isotopes in the freshwater pearl mussel

2023

AbstractChemical preservatives can alter stable isotope ratios in animal tissues. The effects of preservation on δ13C and δ15N values have been investigated in a variety of species, but not on δ2H values or on the freshwater pearl mussel (FPM, Margaritifera margaritifera) tissues. We evaluated the effect of ethanol preservation (unpreserved vs preserved tissues) over 6 months on the δ13C, δ15N and δ2H values of FPM foot and gonad tissues. Ethanol preservation significantly increased δ13C values (foot 0.4 ‰; gonad 0.3 ‰), whereas it did not significantly affect δ15N values (foot 0.2 ‰; gonad − 0.1 ‰). The positive effect of ethanol preservation on δ2H values (foot 7.1 ‰; gonad 14.5 ‰) and th…

Combined effect of nutrient and flashing light frequency for a biochemical composition shift in Nannochloropsis gaditana grown in a quasi-isoactinic …

2020

Artificial lighting may be an interesting opportunity for the cultivation of microalgae as an alternative to natural sunlight. In particular, light emitting diodes (LEDs) can be employed to tailor the lighting to the microalgal culture in a controlled mode in order to create flashing light. In order to establish the effect of the flashing frequency on growth and biochemical composition of a model microalga, a quasi-isoactinic reactor, in which the light distribution is almost homogeneous, was set up. In this work, it was employed for the cultivation of the heterokont Nannochloropsis gaditana in two growth media with limiting and nonlimiting nutrients. The combined effect of nutrient concent…

Caractérisation et prévention des conséquences d’un syndrome métabolique dans la rétine

2018

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) results from carbohydrate and lipid disorders that originate from misbalanced energy metabolism. MetS is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes that, in pathophysiological conditions, is characterized by vascular alterations, particularly in the retina, creating the diabetic retinopathy (DR). Despite it presents a barrier limiting the input of blood factors, the retina is under metabolic variations. The consequences of MetS in the retina have not been characterized. MetS would be responsible for the inflammation and microvascular alterations in the retina and could participate to the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). A diet rich in omega-3 long chai…

Maternal n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids increase n-3 fatty acids in brain glial cells and retina in the rat and improve rod sensitivity

2007

International audience; Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) given to female rats during gestation and lactation on the incorporation of n-3 PUFA in the retina and brain glial cells of the newborn rat, and to evaluate the consequences on the electroretinographic (ERG) response. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were fed during gestation and lactation with a 20%-lipid rich diet containing 0.75% of EPA and 0.55% of DHA. The fatty acid profile was analyzed in the eyeball and in brain glial cells of the litters sacrificed at birth. The retina and brain glial cell phospholipids were similarly analyzed in 14 day-old rats and in the mothers. Standard…

Identification of lipid accumulation in lacrimal gland from NOD mice

2008

International audience; Purpose: : The NOD mouse is an established animal model of the human disease, Sjögren’s syndrome. The lacrimal gland of male NOD mouse becomes significantly infiltrated with inflammatory cells by 12 weeks of age. Dacryadenitis is associated with massive lipid deposition in the lacrimal acinar cells, a process which starts by 6 weeks of age and is accompanied by onset of inflammatory infiltrates. The aim of this study was to identify the lipids that accumulate in lacrimal glands from NOD mice. Methods: : Lacrimal glands were excised from 12-week-old male NOD (n = 8) and BALB/c mice (n = 10). Lipids were extracted and lipid class distribution examined. Then the lipid c…

Toxicity of Branched-Chain Fatty Acids in Conjunctival Cell Line

2007

International audience; Purpose:: Tear film lipid composition is modified in patients suffering from chronic blepharitis. We previously found that branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) were significantly increased in tears of these patients, suggesting that BCFA may be involved in the disease. The toxicity of different BCFA as potent inducers of apoptosis has already been established in various cell lines but not in the conjunctiva. The aim of this work was to assess the toxic effects of BCFA in cultures of Chang conjunctival cells. Methods:: Chang’s human conjunctival cells were cultured during 4 or 24h with various concentrations of IsoC16 and IsoC20 as BCFA (from 50 to 200µM), by comparison …

Anti-inflammatory effects of GLA and EPA on a scopolamine-induced dry eye rat model

2007

International audience; Purpose:: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory effects of dietary γ-linolenic acid (GLA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in a scopolamine-induced dry eye rat model. Methods:: Female Lewis rats were fed with 5%-lipid diets containing 10% of either GLA or EPA. After two months of feeding, we induced dry eye syndrome using scopolamine continuously delivered via osmotic pumps for 2, 10 and 28 days. At the end of the treatment period, we performed fluorescein staining on the cornea. We sacrificed the animals and excised the ocular tissues and the exorbital lacrimal glands. We immunostained MHCII and mucin MUC5AC on ocular sphere cryosectio…

RPE/Choroid and Neuroretina Differences in Lipid Profile in Humans, and Possible Correlations to Dietary Lipid Intake

2008

International audience; Purpose: : To provide data on the differences in the lipid profile of the neural retina and RPE/choroid in healthy human eyes, and to establish plausible relationships with dietary fat intake, by comparing the lipid profile of the extra orbital fat. Methods: : Human eyes were collected from 28 human donors. The neural retina was dissected from the RPE/choroid. In 6 donors, the lacrimal gland and a piece of the extra orbital fat were collected. The lipid profile of the human samples was analyzed into classes. Phospholipids and cholesteryl esters were purified from RPE/choroid. The fatty acid composition of the retina, lipid fractions of RPE/choroid, and lacrimal gland…