Search results for "Litter"

Postnatal Overfeeding in Rodents by Litter Size Reduction Induces Major Short- and Long-Term Pathophysiological Consequences

2013

Numerous studies have demonstrated that the early postnatal environment can influence body weight and energy homeostasis into adulthood. Rodents raised in small litters have been shown to be a useful experimental model to study the short- and long-term consequences of early overnutrition, which can lead to modifications not only in body weight but also of several metabolic features. Postnatal overfeeding (PNOF) induces early malprogramming of the hypothalamic system, inducing acquired persisting central leptin and insulin resistance and an increase in orexigenic signals. Visceral white adipose tissue, lipogenic activity, and inflammatory status are increased in PNOF rodents, while brown adi…

Can number and size of offspring increase simultaneously? – A central life-history trade-off reconsidered

2012

Background: To maximize their fitness, parents are assumed to allocate their resources optimally between number and size of offspring. Although this fundamental life-history trade-off has been subject to long standing interest, its genetic basis, especially in wild mammals, still remains unresolved. One important reason for this problem is that a large multigenerational pedigree is required to conduct a reliable analysis of this trade-off. Results: We used the REML-animal model to estimate genetic parameters for litter size and individual birth size for a common Palearctic small mammal, the bank vole (Myodes glareolus). Even though a phenotypic trade-off between offspring number and size wa…

Solar UV radiation and plant responses : assessing the methodological problems in research concerning stratospheric ozone depletion

2010

De venta en venta hasta El Quijote. Un viaje europeo por la literatura de Mesón

2007

On these pages travel from the Canterbury Tales to the Quijote going from inn to inn throughout a European literary geography. We stop and lodge in the italian series of novelle (Sacchetti, Bandello), in the Chevalry Poems of the Renaissance (Pulci, Ariosto), in the Sixteenth Century theatre (from Gil Vicente to Lope de Rueda and the Intronati di Siena), in the Comedia Nueva and especially in the comedias de meson de Lope de Vega, in the Elizabethan Theatre (Shakesperare above all), in the Guzmán de Alfarache, in La ilustre fregona (the novel and also the commedy), and so on until the Quijote, where the multiple experience of inns and roads is closely examined. At every stop I reflecton the…

Tree species influences diversity of ground-dwelling insects in afforested fields

2015

Abstract Impaired natural ecosystems, such as agricultural lands, are restored toward original or other target stage. Because the long agricultural history has changed the physical, chemical and biological features of the soil, afforested fields can harbor novel species assemblages and interactions. Our overall aim was to quantify the diversity of ground beetles and ants in early successional afforested fields. In a large scale field experiment, we compared plots that had been afforested 25 years ago by planting monocultures of birch, pine or spruce trees. A total of 4080 carabid individuals representing 41 species, and 131,933 ant individuals representing 15 species were recorded. Both the…

Carbon stocks in a 50‑year‑oldEucalyptus camaldulensisstand in Sicily, Italy

2015

Eucalyptus stands in semi-arid areas may contribute to enhance carbon (C) stocks in both biomass and soil. However, the limited information available is mainly focused on short-rotation plantations. In this study, the above- and below-ground C pools in five 50-year-old Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. stands planted on Miocenic evaporitic deposits in Sicily, Italy, with a xeric and thermic pedoclimate, were measured. Above-ground biomass was determined by partitioning and weighing branches, stem and leaves. Below-ground C pools included the determination of litter, root biomass, and soil organic and inorganic C. In terms of the above-ground biomass, the E. camaldulensis stand accumulated on …

Un dieu peut-il mourir ? Enquête sur la fin des cultes dans l’Antiquité gréco-romainedirigé par Karin Mackowiak et Christian Stein

2018

Om översättning av idiom : idiom i Juha Itkonens roman Anna minun rakastaa enemmän och i dess svenska översättning Låt mig älska mer

2011

Tutkielman tavoitteena oli selvittää, kuinka idiomit oli käännetty romaanissa Anna minun rakastaa enemmän ja ruotsinnoksessa Låt mig älska mer. Tarkemmin, tarkoituksena oli ottaa selvää, miten paljon alkuperäinen ja käännetty romaani sisältää idiomeja ja kuinka idiomien käännökset soveltuvat teorian mukaiseen käännösluokitteluun. Perustana on hypoteesi siitä, että idiomi käännetään kaunokirjallisessa teoksessa tunnelman ja saman lukukokemuksen säilyttämiseksi idiomilla aina, kun se on mahdollista. Tarkoituksena oli kartoittaa myös käännösprosessin kolmen vaiheen, analyysi, siirto ja muotoilu, vaikutus kääntäjän idiomeita koskevaan käännöstyöhön. Metodina oli käytetty idiomien säännöllistä p…

Comparing soil inventory with modelling : Carbon balance in central European forest soils varies among forest types

2018

Forest soils represent a large carbon pool and already small changes in this pool may have an important effect on the global carbon cycle. To predict the future development of the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool, well-validated models are needed. We applied the litter and soil carbon model Yasso15 to 1838 plots of the German national forest soil inventory (NFSI) for the period between 1985 and 2014 to enables a direct comparison to the NFSI measurements. In addition, to provide data for the German Greenhouse Gas Inventory, we simulated the development of SOC with Yasso15 applying a climate projection based on the RCP8.5 scenario. The initial model-calculated SOC stocks were adjusted to the m…

Assessing the quality of dissolved organic matter in forest soils using ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry

2007

Abbreviations: DOC, dissolved organic carbon; SUVA, specifi c ultraviolet absorbance; UV, ultraviolet. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was used to investigate the effects, 30 yr after planting, of tree species substitution on the aromatic C content and related properties of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Precautions were taken to correct measurements for the absorbance of NO 3 and dissolved Fe. In litter leachates, a signifi cant reduction in the aromatic content of DOC was found in the Douglas-fi r [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] plantation but not in the beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) plantation. The disturbance of short-term C dynamics thus revealed agreed well with fi eld observations…