Search results for "Litter"
showing 10 items of 315 documents
Maternal Caloric Restriction Implemented during the Preconceptional and Pregnancy Period Alters Hypothalamic and Hippocampal Endocannabinoid Levels a…
2016
Journal Article; Exposure to inadequate nutritional conditions in critical windows of development has been associated to disturbances on metabolism and behavior in the offspring later in life. The role of the endocannabinoid system, a known regulator of energy expenditure and adaptive behaviors, in the modulation of these processes is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the impact of exposing rat dams to diet restriction (20% less calories than standard diet) during pre-gestational and gestational periods on: (a) neonatal outcomes; (b) endocannabinoid content in hypothalamus, hippocampus and olfactory bulb at birth; (c) metabolism-related parameters; and (d) behavior in adult mal…
High food quality increases infection of Gammarus pulex (Crustacea: Amphipoda) by the acanthocephalan parasite Pomphorhynchus laevis.
2019
13 pages; International audience; Parasitism is an important process in ecosystems, but has been largely neglected in ecosystem research. However, parasites are involved in most trophic links in food webs with, in turn, a major role in community structure and ecosystem processes. Several studies have shown that higher nutrient availability in ecosystems tends to increase the prevalence of parasites. Yet, most of these studies focused on resource availability, whereas studies investigating resource quality remain scarce. In this study, we tested the impact of the quality of host food resources on infection by parasites, as well as on the consequences for the host. Three resources were used t…
How do microbial communities in top-and subsoil respond to root litter addition under field conditions?
2016
Abstract Contrasting microbial community composition and activity at different soil depths may affect root litter decomposition. These effects have up to now been investigated mainly in laboratory studies, which may not be able to take into account complex in situ conditions. Our study aimed to analyze the composition and activity of microbial communities after addition of 13 C labeled wheat root litter to a loamy soil under grassland at 30, 60 and 90 cm depths, during a three-year field experiment. We investigated the dynamics of bacterial and fungal abundances and community structures by DNA genotyping and pyrosequencing of 16S and 18S rDNAs. The genetic structures of bacterial and fungal…
Transient postnatal over nutrition induces long-term alterations in cardiac NLRP3-inflammasome pathway.
2018
International audience; Background and aims: The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide at an alarming rate. Altered early nutrition, in particular postnatal overfeeding (PNOF), is a risk factor for impaired cardiac function in adulthood. In the understanding of the initiation or progression of heart diseases, NLRP3 inflammasome and non-coding RNAs have been proposed as key players. In this context, the aim of this study was to decipher the role of NLRP3 inflammasome and its post transcriptional control by micro-RNAs in the regulation of cardiac metabolic function induced by PNOF in mice. Methods and results: Based on a model of mice exposed to PNOF through litter size reduction, we …
Do shifts in life strategies explain microbial community responses to increasing nitrogen in tundra soil?
2016
Subarctic tundra soils store large quantities of the global organic carbon (C) pool as the decomposition of plant litter and soil organic matter is limited by low temperatures and limiting nutrients. Mechanisms that drive organic matter decomposition are still poorly understood due to our limited knowledge of microbial communities and their responses to changing conditions. In subarctic tundra large grazers, in particular reindeer, exert a strong effect on vegetation and nutrient availability causing drastic nutrient pulses in the soils located along the migratory routes. Here we studied the effect of increased nitrogen (N) availability on microbial community structure and activities by lab…
Kriminallitteraturen og det fremmede : en uhyggelig lesning av Kim Småges Solefall
2006
Masteroppgave i Nordisk språk og litteratur 2006 - Høgskolen i Agder, Kristiansand Formålet med denne oppgaven var å studere kriminallitteratur i et fremmed og uhyggelig perspektiv. Jeg ville finne ut om man finner fremmede og uhyggelige elementer i kriminallitteraturen, og hvilke konsekvenser det eventuelt ville få, for kriminallitteraturen som sjanger, og for leseren. I de første kapitlene har jeg prøvd å plassere kriminallitteraturen i en kontekst, det uhyggelige. Senere vil jeg benytte meg av disse teorier i en nærlesing av Solefall. Femte kapittel er en presentasjon av forfatter Kim Småge, og kapittel seks er introduksjon til primærverket i denne oppgaven, romanen Solefall. Sjuende kap…
Influence of resource quality on the composition of soil decomposer community in fragmented and continuous habitat
2004
Abstract The aim of this field experiment was to explore the combined effects of two factors potentially affecting the local composition of soil decomposer community: resource quality and habitat fragmentation. We created humus (habitat) patches with three different resource quality: (1) pure homogenised humus; (2) humus enriched with needle litter; and (3) humus enriched with needle and leaf litter. These patches were embedded either in a mineral soil matrix, thus representing fragmented habitat, or in natural forest soil, representing continuous (non-fragmented) habitat. The development of faunal (colonisations/extinctions of soil animal populations) and microbial communities in the patch…
Nutrient Additions Affecting Matter Turnover in Forest and Pasture Ecosystems
2013
Nutrient inputs into ecosystems of the tropical mountain rainforest region are projected to further increase in the next decades. To investigate whether important ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling and matter turnover in native forests and pasture ecosystems show different patterns of response, two nutrient addition experiments have been established: NUMEX in the forest and FERPAST at the pasture. Both ecosystems already responded 1.5 years after the start of nutrient application (N, P, NP, Ca). Interestingly, most nutrients remained in the respective systems. While the pasture grass was co-limited by N and P, most tree species responded to P addition. Soil microbial biomass in the…
Litterært engasjement og innlevelse i bildebokapper
2021
I denne artikkelen settes søkelyset på den litterære opplevelsen når barn leser bildebokapper i små grupper i barnehagen. Vi ser på hvordan det Rosenblatt (1994) kaller estetisk lesemåte kan komme til uttrykk i lesernes engasjement og innlevelse. Vi har gjort et strategisk utvalg av eksempler fra et empirisk materiale med totalt 24 filmer av applesing i barnehager, der barna enkeltvis og som gruppe viser et stort engasjement. Analysen søker å svare på spørsmålet: Hva er det som skaper dette engasjementet blant barna? Og hvordan blir engasjementet ivaretatt i samspill med barnehagelæreren som leder lesingen? I analysen utdyper vi den estetiske lesemåten ved hjelp av Marie-Laure Ryans (2015, …
Litter contribution to soil organic carbon in the agriculture abandons processes
2015
Abstract. Mechanisms of litter decomposition, translocation and stabilization into soil layers are fundamental processes in ecosystem functioning as it regulates the cycle of soil organic matter (SOM), CO2 emission into the atmosphere, carbon sequestration into the soil. In this study, it was investigated the contribution of litters of different stages of Mediterranean secondary succession on Carbon sequestration, analyzing the role of earthworms on translocation of SOM into soil profile. For this purpose δ13C difference between meadow C4-Csoil and C3-Clitter were used in a field experiment. Four undisturbed litters of different stages of succession were collected (45, 70, 100 and 120 since…