Search results for "Logging"
showing 10 items of 106 documents
Seventy-year changes in tree species composition and tree ages in state-owned forests in Latvia
2011
Abstract During the last 100 years, forest management in Latvia has gradually become more and more focused on industrial logging, which can be expected to have affected the tree species composition and age distribution across the landscape. These changes need to be considered in forest management and conservation of biological diversity. The aim of the study was to use forest records to reconstruct the tree species composition and age distribution in the North Vidzeme Biosphere Reserve in northern Latvia for the period, 1929–1941. These data were compared to a data-set from 2008, to determine the changes that transpired during a period of intensification of forest management. The silvicultu…
Long-term impacts of increased timber harvests on ecosystem services and biodiversity: A scenario study based on national forest inventory data
2020
Abstract The transition to a climate-neutral economy is expected to increase future timber demands and endanger the multifunctionality of forests. National scenario analyses are needed to determine long-term forest management impacts and support forest policy making in defining guidelines for the sustainable provision of forests’ ecosystem services and biodiversity (ESB). Using national forestry inventory data, the forest management model MASSIMO and a model to estimate harvesting costs, we simulated forest development in Switzerland under five politically relevant timber harvesting scenarios until 2106 (business as usual and four increased timber mobilisation scenarios). Model results were…
Effect of Stem Snapping on Aspen Timber Assortment Recovery in Hemiboreal Forests
2020
Post-disturbance salvage logging mitigates economic loss after windthrow, and the value of salvaged timber is strongly linked to its quality and dimensions. We studied the occurrence of wind-induced damage of aspen in the hemiboreal forests of Latvia based on data from the National Forest Inventory and additional measurements. Individual tree data from three re-measurement periods were linked to follow a tree condition (live, broken, uprooted) and to link tree characteristics to a respective snag. Three linear models were developed to assess factors affecting the snapping height. An assortment outcome was calculated for undamaged and salvaged trees using the bucking algorithm, and timber va…
Constitutions of Site and Visitor at the Swarbrick Wilderness Discovery Site
2013
Located just off the North Walpole Road, the Swarbrick Wilderness Discovery Site can be seen as a node of several different historical trajectories which are – to different extents – documented in the artworks which frame, or decorate, the site. My account draws on my own biography and probes the investments I have in my various post-settler entanglements with the area. I critique, in particular, the idea of ‘wilderness’ as one formative to post-settler narrations and myths at the same time that it places indigenous practices of belonging under erasure. For, most recently, Swarbrick stood metonymically for the campaign to preserve ‘old growth forests’, culminating at the end of the 1990s, a…
Growing the Otome Game Market: Fan Labor and Otome Game Communities Online
2019
Otome games are a niche category of Japanese games marketed toward women. Outside its country of origin and the infrastructure of the anime media mix, its predominantly female player communities traditionally have defined these games as those that feature romance or dating simulation. In this paper, I look into how fan bloggers talk about their own work in marketing and distributing otome games beyond Japan. In the case of otome game fan blogging, the ability to shape discussions surrounding otome games also relies upon maintaining the image of players as good consumers. Although this work focuses on the practice of fan blogging, it is part of an ongoing study on otome games in English and …
Hydrological and hydraulic behaviour of a surface flow constructed wetland treating agricultural drainage water in northern Italy.
2020
Abstract A surface flow constructed wetland (SFCW) treating agricultural drainage water was investigated with the aim to detect modifications in hydrological and hydraulic characteristics after more than a decade of operation. Ponded infiltration tests were conducted to estimate the saturated hydraulic conductivity, Ks, of the surface soil layer at the point scale. At the global scale, infiltration rate, i, was computed from the water balance to detect leakages from the pervious wetland surface. Tracer tests were conducted to analyse the existence of preferential flow inside the system and to estimate its hydraulic retention time (HRT). Clogging phenomena occurred given a mean Ks value of 3…
Comparing Translation and Post-editing: An Annotation Schema for Activity Units
2016
The current chapter introduces an annotation schema of TPR data that categorises post-editing behaviour into five different classes and compares general-language and domain-specific English-to-German translation and post-editing with respect to production times, key-logging (text production activity and text elimination activity) and eye-tracking data (total reading times on source text and on target text). The results support the hypothesis that post-editing is faster than translation from scratch for both domain-specific and non-domain-specific text types. When key-logging and eye-tracking data are taken into consideration, domain-specific texts require more effort when translating from s…
Application Of Social Web Tools To The Internationalization Of Retail Companies
2011
The emergence and development of what is called the Social Web or Web 2.0 is marked by the appearance and development of new communication tools and applications such as blogs, chats, forums, social networks, etc., and interaction between users. As well as giving consumers emotional and practical benefits, these applications represent great communication opportunities for companies in a globalized context. For this reason, businessmen are increasingly using Social Web tools as instruments to get information and market knowledge, as well as for communication in an internationalization context. Taking the opportunities the use of Social Web tools in a global context represent for retail busin…
Some thoughts about the conceptual / procedural distinction in translation: a key-logging and eye-tracking study of processing effort
2014
This article builds on the conceptual / procedural distinction postulated by Relevance Theory to investigate processing effort in translation task execution. Drawing on relevance-theoretic assumptions, it assumes that instances related to procedural encodings will require more effortful processing not only in relation to the time spent on the task but also in terms of product indicators such as seconds per word and number of micro translation units per word. Drawing on key-logging and eye-tracking data, the article shows that there are statistically significant differences when conceptual and procedural encodings are analysed in selected areas of interest, with instances related to procedur…
Chapter 24. Lesser kestrel Falco naumanni
2021
The lesser kestrel is a small colonial falcon with a broad breeding distribution range, extending from the Iberian Peninsula to eastern China. Most of the biological and ecological knowledge concerning this species, including migration, has been obtained from European populations. After the end of each breeding season, these populations move preferentially northward, showing pre-migratory movements (of 100–1,000 km) that are necessary to reach rich foraging grounds where they can fuel before commencing the true migration towards Africa. European lesser kestrels migrate on a broad front across the Mediterranean Sea. There is a strong connectivity between European breeding and African non-bre…