Search results for "Lower body"

Effect of Prolonged Military Field Training on Neuromuscular and Hormonal Responses and Shooting Performance in Warfighters

2018

Introduction: Previous studies have shown that military field training (MFT) has effects on warfighters’ hormonal responses, neuromuscular performance, and shooting accuracy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes in body composition, upper and lower body strength, serum hormone concentrations of testosterone (TES) and cortisol (COR), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and shooting accuracy during prolonged MFT. Methods: Serum hormone concentrations, isometric strength of the upper and lower extremities, and shooting performance were measured four times during the study: before MFT (PRE), after 12 d (MID), at the end of MFT (PO…

2021

The aim of the study was to (1) assess the within-session reliability of a unilateral isometric hex bar pull (UIHBP) maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) test and, (2) determine unilateral isometric absolute peak force (PFabs) and relative peak force (PF) values in freeski athletes. Twenty-one male and eight female academy to national team freeskiers performed the novel UIHBP MVC task on a force plate and PFabs and relative PF were assessed (1000 Hz). Within-session measures of PFabs offered high reliability on left and right limbs for males (ICC = 0.91–0.94, CV = 2.6–2.2%) and females (ICC = 0.94–0.94, CV = 1.4–1.6%), while relative PF measures showed good to high reliability in both left a…

Customised pressure profiles of made-to-measure sports compression garments

2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to make made-to-measure compression garments that elicit pressures within and below clinical standards. The study also examined whether pressures and gradients can be replicated within and between participants’ legs, and between separate compression garment conditions. Ten males volunteered to participate. Based on three-dimensional scans of the participants’ lower body, three different made-to-measure garments were manufactured: control, symmetrical and asymmetrical. Garment pressures were assessed from the malleolus to the gluteal fold using a pressure monitoring device. A root mean squared difference analysis was used to calculate the in vivo linear …

Physical Fitness Evaluation of School Children in Southern Italy: A Cross Sectional Evaluation

2018

The aim of this work was to evaluate the fitness levels of different physical components in schoolchildren in southern Italy and identify age-related effects of physical performance. One hundred and fifty-four schoolchildren with ages ranging between 6 and 10 years (age 8.1 ± 1.45 years; 33.70 ± 10.25 kg; 131.50 ± 13.60 cm) were recruited for the investigation. Each scholar underwent a fitness-test battery composed of five elements. A Hand-Grip Strength Test to assess the strength of the hand muscles, a Standing Broad Jump Test to assess lower body explosive strength, a Sit-Up Test to exhaustion to evaluate abdominal muscular endurance, a 4 × 10-m Shuttle Run Test to assess agility, and a 2…

Fluctuating asymmetry and immune function in a field cricket

2004

Recently, fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of morphological traits has attracted great attention as a short-cut measure of individual quality. Whereas there is some evidence that FA of sexual ornaments is negatively associated with immune function, studies concerning FA and immune function in non-ornamental traits are absent. Here, we tested whether FA of three non-ornamental traits in hind limbs is related to male immune function in a population of the Mediterranean field cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus. As different measures of male immune function, we used encapsulation rate and lytic activity. We found that a composite measure of FA (cFA) was negatively related to encapsulation rate. However, ly…

A systematic review to determine reliability and usefulness of the field-based test batteries for the assessment of physical fitness in adolescents -…

2015

The aim of the present review is to investigate the main field-based tests, used alone or included in sport or fitness batteries, for the assessment of health- and skill-related physical fitness components in adolescents. Different scientific databases were searched through using the selected key words related to physical fitness and its components for adolescence. The search focused on original articles and reviews/meta-analyses using valid, reproducible and feasible tests that fit within the school environment. A total of 100 scientific manuscripts were included in the qualitative synthesis. The present systematic review pointed out 5 fitness tests that well adapt to the evaluation of the…

Body Composition, Energy Availability, Training, and Menstrual Status in Female Runners.

2020

Purpose: To determine body composition, energy availability, training load, and menstrual status in young elite endurance running athletes (ATH) over 1 year, and in a secondary analysis, to investigate how these factors differ between nonrunning controls (CON), and amenorrheic (AME) and eumenorrheic (EUM) ATH. Correlations to injury, illness, and performance were also examined. Methods: Altogether 13 ATH and 8 CON completed the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire. Anthropometric, energy intake, and peak oxygen uptake assessments were made at 4 time points throughout the year: at baseline post competition season, post general preparation, post specific preparation, and post comp…

PO-201 Aging attenuates the effect of aerobic capacity in muscle and serum metabolic profile but not in white adipose tissue

2018

Objective Aerobic capacity is a quantitative predictor of the morbidity and mortality in many diverse patient populations. While aging is the main factor affecting aerobic capacity. The present study aimed to assess the effect of aerobic capacity and aging on metabolic profile in rats and to investigate the metabolic interactions between white adipose tissue (WAT), muscle and serum.
 Methods In this study, we used rat models that were selectively bred to differ in maximal running capacity (High capacity runners (HCR) and Low capacity runners (LCR)). Part of the rats were sacrificed after 9 months and the rest at 21 months. The effect of aerobic capacity on metabolic profile was assesse…

Electromyographic Studies in Abdominal Exercises: A Literature Synthesis

2008

Abstract Objective The purpose of this article is to synthesize the literature on studies that investigate electromyographic activity of abdominal muscles during abdominal exercises performance. Methods MEDLINE and Sportdiscus databases were searched, as well as the Web pages of electronic journals access, ScienceDirect, and Swetswise, from 1950 to 2008. The terms used to search the literature were abdominal muscle and the specific names for the abdominal muscles and their combination with electromyography, and/or strengthening, and/or exercise, and/or spine stability, and/or low back pain. The related topics included the influence of the different exercises, modification of exercise positi…