Search results for "Lps"
showing 10 items of 120 documents
Assessing the Cost of Mounting an Immune Response
2003
International audience; The evolution of parasite resistance has often been assumed to be governed by antagonistic selection pressures. Defense against pathogens, by mounting an immune response, confers evident benefits but may also incur costs, so that the optimal level of defense is expected to depend on the balance between benefits and costs. Although the benefits of immune surveillance are well known, estimates of costs are still equivocal. Here we studied the behavioral and physiological modifications associated with exposure to a onreplicating antigen (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] of Escherichia coli) in a passerine species, the house sparrow (Passer domesticus).We further investigated wh…
Ciona intestinalis peroxinectin is a novel component of the peroxidase–cyclooxygenase gene superfamily upregulated by LPS
2013
Peroxinectins function as hemoperoxidase and cell adhesion factor involved in invertebrate immune reaction. In this study, the ascidian (Ciona intestinalis) peroxinectin gene (CiPxt) and its expression during the inflammatory response have been examined. CiPxt is a new member of the peroxidase-cyclooxygenase gene superfamily that contains both the peroxidase domain and the integrin KGD (Lys-Gly-Asp) binding motif. A phylogenetic tree showed that CiPxt is very close to the chordate group and appears to be the outgroup of mammalian MPO, EPO and TPO clades. The CiPxt molecular structure model resulted superimposable to the human myeloperoxidase. The CiPxt mRNA expression is upregulated by LPS …
Oxidative stress and innate immunity responses in cigarette smoke stimulated nasal epithelial cells
2013
Cigarette smoke extracts (CSE) may play a significant role in diseases of the upper airway including chronic rhinosinusitis. Even short term exposure of cigarette smoke has adverse effects on mitochondrial functions and redox homeostasis in tissues which may progress to further complications associated with chronic smoking. Cigarette smoke alters toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and activation in bronchial epithelial cells. Carbocysteine is an anti-oxidant and mucolytic agent. The effects of carbocysteine on CSE induced oxidative stress and on associated innate immune and inflammatory responses in nasal epithelial cells are largely unknown. The present study was aimed to assess in CSE…
Ciona intestinalis galectin (CiLgals-a and CiLgals-b) genes are differentially expressed in endostyle zones and challenged by LPS
2015
Abstract Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization assays were performed to answer the question whether the endostyle, that is the initial gastro-intestinal trait of Ciona intestinalis pharynx, is involved in galectin (CiLgals-a and CiLgals-b) production during the pharynx inflammatory response to LPS inoculation. Specific anti-CiLgal-a and anti-CiLgals-b antibodies, and oligonucleotide probes, that mark inflammatory hemocytes inside the pharynx vessels and vessel epithelium as shown by a previous paper, were assayed on endostyle histological sections. For the first time, we show that galectins are produced by endostyle zones, and both CiLgals-a and –b genes are upregulated by LPS. CiLg…
Prophylaxis of lipopolysaccharide-induced shock by α-galactosylceramide
2008
AbstractThe NKT cell ligand α-galactosylceramide and its synthetic homologue KRN7000 stimulate rapid and copious secretion of IFN-γ and TNF-α release, both of which are key mediators of LPS-induced shock. We showed that KRN7000, injected before or within 2 h after LPS challenge, was able to prevent endotoxic shock. KRN7000 induced survival when the mice were injected 6, 9, or 12 days before the first injection of LPS, and this protective effect was associated with reduction upon subsequent challenge in the levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1, and an increase of IL-10. Further analysis showed that the animals treated with KRN7000 prior to LPS challenge had lower numbers of F4/80+, NKT, and NK cell…
Characterization of two alternative Interleukin(IL)-10 5′UTR mRNA sequences, induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of peripheral blood mono…
2009
Abstract IL-10 production shows a broad-spectrum of individual response, suggesting a genetic component of approximately 75%. Different polymorphisms located close to, or within the IL-10 gene has been demonstrated to influence its transcription rate whereas the post-transcriptional regulation of IL-10 production has not well elucidated. The main responsible elements at this control level are both the 5′- and 3′-untranslated regions (UTR's) of mRNAs, and as the 3′-UTR regions are mainly involved in the stability and decay rate of mRNAs, the 5′-UTR regions mediate the binding rate of the molecule with ribosomal 40S subunit as a cis-acting element. Herein are report data on the identification…
LPS role during sepsis : description of circulating LPS levels using mass spectrometry in a cohort of critically ill patients, and investigation of L…
2019
Lipopolysaccharide’s (LPS) metabolism is complex, and it is still not used as a consistent biomarker or therapeutic target during sepsis. We used a novel LPS quantification method, able to detect lipoprotein-associated LPS in plasma, using 3-hydroxy myristate (3HM), a specific compound. We measured the 3HM levels in a cohort of patients admitted to intensive care and healthy volunteers. Septic patients had higher levels of 3HM, as did non-survivors of sepsis. Substantial levels of 3HM were also found in healthy subjects, suggesting that LPS is tightly integrated with human metabolism. Then, we demonstrated that the adsorption of LDL (low density lipoproteins) lipoproteins by LDL apheresis r…
Isolation and characterization of a LPS induced MD2-like protein in Ciona intestinalis
2015
The MD2 (Myeloid Differentiation factor-2) protein belongs to the ML superfamily. This group of proteins contain a specific lipid binding domain (ML domain) that plays an important role in lipid recognition and metabolism. In vertebrates, MD-2 is involved in innate immune response as co-receptor in the LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway; MD2 recognizes and binds the bacterial lipid A and drives the TLR4 activation. Two TLR isoforms, CiTLR-1 and CiTLR-2, were identified in Ciona intestinalis with a TIR domain most similar to human TLR4 and TLR 6 respectively. Using a PCR-based subtractive hybridization strategy for isolation of differentially expressed genes between LPS-challenged and naïve C. intes…
Cross-country comparisons of trends in adolescent psychosomatic symptoms : a Rasch analysis of HBSC data from four Nordic countries
2018
BACKGROUND: To analyse the psychometric properties of the HBSC Symptom Checklist (HBSC-SCL) on psychosomatic symptoms with a focus on the operating characteristics of the items, and on the impacts of measurement distortions on the comparisons of person measures across time and between countries.METHODS: Data were collected in 1993/94, 1997/98, 2001/02, 2005/06, 2008/09, 2013/14 in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden as part of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. Data comprised 116,531 students 11, 13 and 15 years old. Rasch analysis was conducted of the HBSC-SCL consisting of eight items with a focus on Differential Item Functioning (DIF) and item threshold ordering. …
SARS CoV2 infection _The longevity study perspectives
2021
Graphical abstract