Search results for "Lung"
showing 10 items of 2389 documents
Measurement of phase I volume breath by breath in spontaneously breathing guinea pigs.
1990
A new method to determine phase I volume in tracheotomized spontaneously breathing guinea pigs is presented. Measurements were performed in three animals weighing 567-896 g. In simultaneous tracings of tidal volume (VT) and expiratory profiles of endogenous gases (PO2 or PCO2), the phase I volume of each breath was determined graphically as the volume expired up to the end of phase I of the expirogram. The mean phase I volume of different animals ranged from 0.29 to 0.43 ml with an arithmetic dispersion between 0.014 and 0.021 ml. Spontaneous sighs sometimes with doubling of the VT caused a significant rise of phase I volume up to 50% of the normal values. The linear regression curve was c…
PINK1 displays tissue-specific subcellular location and regulates apoptosis and cell growth in breast cancer cells.
2010
The PINK1 gene is mutated in the germ line of patients with hereditary early-onset Parkinson disease, and PINK1 prosurvival function at neuronal mitochondria has been related with the etiology of this disease. However, the expression and function of PINK1 protein in nonneuronal tissues has not been determined yet. Here, we have analyzed PINK1 protein expression and subcellular distribution in normal and neoplastic human tissues and investigated the function of PINK1 in breast carcinoma cells. PINK1 protein, as stained by a specific anti-PINK1 monoclonal antibody, was widely expressed in human tissues, displaying high expression in epithelial tissues and in the central nervous system and low…
PED is overexpressed and mediates TRAIL resistance in human non-small cell lung cancer
2008
PED (phosphoprotein enriched in diabetes) is a death-effector domain (DED) family member with a broad anti-apoptotic action. PED inhibits the assembly of the death-inducing signalling complex (DISC) of death receptors following stimulation. Recently, we reported that the expression of PED is increased in breast cancer cells and determines the refractoriness of these cells to anticancer therapy. In the present study, we focused on the role of PED in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a tumour frequently characterized by evasion of apoptosis and drug resistance. Immunohistochemical analysis of a tissue microarray, containing 160 lung cancer samples, indicated that PED was strongly expressed …
Effects of inhaled glaucine on pulmonary responses to antigen in sensitized guinea pigs.
2000
The alkaloid (S)-(+)-1,2,9,10-tetramethoxyaporphine (glaucine) is a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor with bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. In this study, we examined the in vivo effects of glaucine on an animal model of asthma. In ovalbumin sensitized guinea pigs, inhaled glaucine (10 mg ml(-1), 3 min) inhibited the acute bronchoconstriction produced by aerosol antigen (antigen response was 256+/-42 and 95+/-14 cm H(2)O l(-1) s(-1) in control and glaucine-treated animals, respectively; P<0.05). Pretreatment with glaucine (10 mg ml(-1), 10 min inhalation, 30 min pre- and 3 h post-antigen exposure) markedly reduced airway hyperreactivity to histamine, eosinophil lung accum…
Pre-clinical assessment of a water-in-fluorocarbon emulsion for the treatment of pulmonary vascular diseases
2019
Abstract Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is a well-characterized vascular response to low oxygen pressures and is involved in life-threatening conditions such as high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While the efficacy of oral therapies can be affected by drug metabolism, or dose-limiting systemic toxicity, inhaled treatment via pressured metered dose inhalers (pMDI) may be an effective, nontoxic, practical alternative. We hypothesized that a stable water-in-perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB) emulsion that provides solubility in common pMDI propellants, engineered for intrapulmonary delivery of pulmonary vasodilators, reverses HPV during acute h…
Vessel painting of the microcirculation using fluorescent lipophilic tracers
2005
Flexible approaches to defining microvessel morphometry are useful in the study of both acute and chronic structural changes of the microcirculation. In this report, we examined the utility of the intravascular infusion of lipophilic carbocyanine tracers in the structural assessment of the retina, skin, lung, and colon microcirculation. The microvessel labeling technique, here termed fluorescent vessel painting, involved the intravascular injection of sulfonated lipophilic carbocyanine tracers. The utility of vessel painting in morphometry was assessed using morphometric comparisons with corrosion casting and 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional scanning electron microscopy. The comparisons demo…
Vascular effects of sildenafil in patients with pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension: an ex vivo/in vitro study
2015
Sildenafil improves the 6-min walking distance in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and right-sided ventricular systolic dysfunction.We analysed the previously unexplored role of sildenafil on vasoconstriction and remodelling of pulmonary arteries from patients with IPF and pulmonary hypertension (PH) ex vivo. Pulmonary arteries from 18 donors without lung disease, nine IPF, eight PH+IPF and four PH patients were isolated to measure vasodilator and anti-contractile effects of sildenafil in isometric organ bath. Ventilation/perfusion was explored in an animal model of bleomycin lung fibrosis.Sildenafil relaxed serotonin (5-HT) pre-contracted pulmonary arteries in healthy dono…
Direct and indirect effects of Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD) on lung function in children: A mediation analysis
2018
Background: Studies on pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD) children are lacking. The aims of this study were: (i) to investigate PFTs in GHD pre-pubertal children with respect to Controls, before starting Growth Hormone Therapy (GHT) (T0); (ii) to evaluate changes of PFTs in GHD vs Controls, after 1-year GHT (T1). Forboth aims the mediation analysis (MA) was applied to evaluate the extent to which the relationship between GHD and PFTs could be ascribed to a height-mediated (indirect) or a GH direct effect. Methods: 47 pre-pubertal GHD children (aged 5–14 years) underwent PFTs at T0 and T1. At T0, 47 healthy children matched for age and sex were enrolled as Contr…
Motivation for physical activity in adolescents with asthma
2020
Objective: We explored motivation for physical activity (PA) and exercise in adolescents with asthma who entered and continued a 10-week play-based exercise intervention. Methods: Eighteen adolescents with asthma, aged 13–17 years, participated in a 10-week play- and interval-based indoor exercise intervention during winter and autumn months. Semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted in weeks 2 and 8, focusing on motivation for PA and exercise, as well as field observations of exercise sessions in weeks 2, 6, and 8. The first interview was analyzed separately from the second one and descriptive observational data were obtained using thematic analysis and self-determination theor…
Validation of lung densitometry threshold at CT for the distinction between senile lung and emphysema in elderly subjects
2015
Background and Aims. An ageing lung is characterised by distal airspace enlargement without alveolar wall destruction: therefore the anatomical distinction between senile lung and emphysema is clear-cut. In clinical settings the definition of precise boundaries between normalcy and pathology is more difficult with the risk of overdiagnosis. CT is an important diagnostic advancement in the field of COPD. Most methods for the evaluation of emphysema are based on the detection and measurement of areas characterised by a density level below a threshold assumed to characterize parenchymal destruction. Methods. Our retrospective study included 47 healthy subjects (65-91 years), 36 never smokers a…