Search results for "Lung"

Influence of respiratory rate and end-expiratory pressure variation on cyclic alveolar recruitment in an experimental lung injury model

2012

Introduction Cyclic alveolar recruitment/derecruitment (R/D) is an important mechanism of ventilator-associated lung injury. In experimental models this process can be measured with high temporal resolution by detection of respiratory-dependent oscillations of the paO2 (ΔpaO2). A previous study showed that end-expiratory collapse can be prevented by an increased respiratory rate in saline-lavaged rabbits. The current study compares the effects of increased positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) versus an individually titrated respiratory rate (RRind) on intra-tidal amplitude of Δ paO2 and on average paO2 in saline-lavaged pigs. Methods Acute lung injury was induced by bronchoalveolar lavag…

Effects of aclidinium on determinants of COPD severity: symptoms and quality of life

2016

Marco Contoli,1 Paolo Solidoro,2 Fabiano Di Marco,3,4 Nicola Scichilone,5 Angelo Corsico,6 Fulvio Braido,7 Pierachille Santus4,8 1Research Centre on Asthma and COPD, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; 2Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, Città della Salute, Turin, Italy; 3Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; 4Respiratory Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy; 5Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonology (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; 6Department of Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; 7Allergy and Respiratory Diseases Clinic, DIMI, University of G…

Respiratory mechanics measured by forced oscillations during mechanical ventilation through a tracheal tube

2011

The forced oscillation technique (FOT) allows the measurement of respiratory mechanics in the intensive care setting. The aim of this study was to compare the FOT with a reference method during mechanical ventilation through a tracheal tube. The respiratory impedance spectra were measured by FOT in nine anaesthetized pigs, and resistance and compliance were estimated on the basis of a linear resistance-compliance inertance model. In comparison, resistance and compliance were quantified by the multiple linear regression analysis (LSF) of conventional ventilator waveforms to the equation of motion. The resistance of the sample was found to range from 6 to 21 cmH(2)O s l(-1) and the compliance…

Immune Evasion Proteins Enhance Cytomegalovirus Latency in the Lungs

2009

ABSTRACT CD8 T cells control cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in bone marrow transplantation recipients and persist in latently infected lungs as effector memory cells for continuous sensing of reactivated viral gene expression. Here we have addressed the question of whether viral immunoevasins, glycoproteins that specifically interfere with antigen presentation to CD8 T cells, have an impact on viral latency in the murine model. The data show that deletion of immunoevasin genes in murine CMV accelerates the clearance of productive infection during hematopoietic reconstitution and leads to a reduced latent viral genome load, reduced latency-associated viral transcription, and a lower inciden…

CD8 T Cells Control Cytomegalovirus Latency by Epitope-Specific Sensing of Transcriptional Reactivation

2006

ABSTRACT During murine cytomegalovirus (mCMV) latency in the lungs, most of the viral genomes are transcriptionally silent at the major immediate-early locus, but rare and stochastic episodes of desilencing lead to the expression of IE1 transcripts. This low-frequency but perpetual expression is accompanied by an activation of lung-resident effector-memory CD8 T cells specific for the antigenic peptide 168-YPHFMPTNL-176, which is derivedfrom the IE1 protein. These molecular and immunological findings were combined in the “silencing/desilencing and immune sensing hypothesis” of cytomegalovirus latency and reactivation. This hypothesis proposes that IE1 gene expression proceeds to cell surfac…

Impact of DLK1-DIO3 imprinted cluster hypomethylation in smoker patients with lung cancer

2016

DNA methylation is important for gene expression and genome stability, and its disruption is thought to play a key role in the initiation and progression of cancer and other diseases. The DLK1-DIO3 cluster has been shown to be imprinted in humans, and some of its components are relevant to diverse pathological processes. The purpose of this study was to assess the methylation patterns of the DLK1-DIO3 cluster in patients with lung cancer to study its relevance in the pathogenesis of this disease. We found a characteristic methylation pattern of this cluster in smoking associated lung cancer, as compared to normal lung tissue. This methylation profile is not patent however in lung cancer of …

Routine Coronary Angiography is Still the Key Test for Patients Eligible for Lung Transplantation Also for Those With No Symptoms and With High Risk …

2022

Background. Coronary artery disease (CAD) has a considerable morbidity and mortality effect on the outcomes of a lung transplant. Currently, coronary angiography is performed as part of the pretransplant evaluation process. Unfortunately, there are no clear guidelines about performing cardiac angiography in lung transplant candidates. Background. The aim of our work is to find a correlation between cardiovascular risk and coronary arterial status to optimize the selection of patients for coronary angiography prior transplantation. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed 48 patients in whom coronary angiography and cardiac catheterization was performed during assessment for bilateral lung trans…

Cryobiopsy as a New Tool for Complications Diagnosis During Follow-up After Lung Transplantation: Single Institution Case Series

2020

ABSTRACT Background The first description of performing a new diagnostic procedure, cryobiopsy, in lung transplant recipients in Poland. Methods Three cases of patients after lung transplantation were analyzed in context of the procedure of cryobiopsy, which was performed in a hybrid room with a bronchoscopic video track and C-arm radiograph. Patients were subjected to complete anesthesia and intubated. Two or three sections with an average diameter of 5 mm were collected. Results The sections were large and fully diagnostic. In all 3 described cases they brought a decisive element into diagnosis. Conclusions Cryobiopsy is a useful tool in the differential diagnosis of lesions and complicat…

FP634HYDRATION STATUS EVALUATION BY LUNG COMETS, INFERIOR VENA CAVA DIAMETER AND BIOIMPENDANCE ANALYSIS BEFORE THE HEMODIAFILTRATION

2019

Pulmonary contusion: CT vs plain radiograms.

1989

In experimentally induced pulmonary contusions, CT (n = 27) and chest X-ray (n = 24) findings were compared with the findings at autopsy. Twenty-seven of 27 (100%) pulmonary contusions were visible by CT immediately after trauma compared with 9 of 24 (37.5%) in the chest X-ray. After 30 min follow-up, 18 of 24 (75%) lesions were seen on the plain film. Five of 24 (21%) contusions escaped detection on conventional radiographs. Computed tomography underestimated lesion size in 5 of 60 (8%) measurements, conventional radiographs in 21 of 36 (58%) measurements. Pathological examination never revealed a pulmonary contusion that was not demonstrated by CT. Therefore, pulmonary contusion seems unl…