Search results for "Lymphocyte"
showing 10 items of 2280 documents
CD52‐negative T cells predict acute graft‐versus‐host disease after an alemtuzumab‐based conditioning regimen
2020
Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) after a reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen with fludarabine, melphalan and alemtuzmab is an effective therapy for haematological malignancies. Alemtuzumab, a monoclonal antibody against CD52, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor-bound surface protein on lymphocytes, depletes T cells to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Despite this, acute and chronic GVHD (a/cGVHD) remain life-threatening complications after HSCT. The aim of the present study was to identify parameters to predict GVHD. In 69 patients after HSCT, T-cell subsets were functionally analysed. Reconstitution of CD52neg T cells and CD52neg regulatory T c…
The viral clearance in interferon-treated chronic hepatitis C is associated with increased cytotoxic T cell frequencies
1999
Abstract Background/Aims: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes have been demonstrated in peripheral blood and liver tissue of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection, but their significance for viral clearance is unknown. Therefore, we analyzed hepatitis C virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor frequencies in chronic hepatitis C virus carriers during interferon-α treatment. Methods: Blood mononuclear cells or CD8+ T cells from HLA-A2 positive and negative patients and controls were analyzed in chromium-release assays using a panel of 18 synthetic peptides from the HCV core, E1 and NS4 antigens bearing HLA-A2 binding motifs. Specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor frequencies were st…
In vitroresponse toCandida albicansin cultures of whole human blood from young and aged donors
2007
Invasive infections with opportunistic fungi, such as Candida albicans, have become an increasing problem in aged adults in recent years. This work investigates the influence of human ageing on C. albicans recognition by toll-like receptors (TLRs), essential components of the innate immune system, using a cohort of 96 young (15-42 years) and aged (70 years) human volunteers. No significant differences between aged and young donors were observed on (1) cell surface TLR2, TLR6 and TLR4 expression on lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes, (2) production of cytokines [IL-8, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and IL-12p70] and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) by whole human b…
Cellular Immunity in Adolescents and Adults following Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Administration
2007
ABSTRACT Cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses to an acellular pertussis vaccine administered to 49 subjects, a subset of participants in the National Institutes of Health-funded adult acellular pertussis vaccine efficacy trial, were evaluated and compared with antibody responses to vaccine antigens. Levels of proliferation of and cytokine secretion from lymphocytes cultured in the presence of pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, or pertactin were measured before vaccination and 1 month and 1 year after vaccination. Statistically significant increases in lymphocyte stimulation indices and cytokine secretion were noted at both 1 month and 1 year after vaccination. Brisk pertussis antig…
Response-adjusted α-interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C in HIV-infected patients
2000
Abstract In patients with chronic hepatitis C and HIV infection, responsiveness to the standard schedule of α-interferon (IFN) is unsatisfactory. To quantify the effectiveness of tailoring IFN dosage according to HCV viral load under treatment, we enrolled 41 patients (M/F 32/9) chronically coinfected by HCV and HIV with chronic liver disease. All were former i.v. drug addicts, with a mean age of 32±4 years, and had clinical and histological evidence of chronic hepatitis (10% with cirrhosis). The CDC stage was A1 in five, A2 in 14, A3 in eight, B2 in eight, B3 in three and C3 in three. Twenty four patients were on triple therapy with protease inhibitors, 11 were on two-drug anti-HIV regimen…
Mitochondrial dysfunction, persistent oxidative damage, and catalase inhibition in immune cells of naïve and treated Crohnʼs disease
2009
Background: Oxidative stress is considered a potential etiological factor for Crohn's disease (CD). We characterized the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in immune peripheral cells of CD patients, as well as their antioxidant enzyme status and the presence of oxidative damage. In addition, mitochondrial function (ΔΨm) was analyzed to detect the possible origin of ROS. Methods: Cells were obtained from patients at the onset of disease, prior to any treatment. Experiments were repeated when patients were in clinical remission. A set of experiments was carried out in a group of CD patients in persistent morphological remission. Controls were healthy volunteers who were not receiving any…
Intrathecal somatic hypermutation of IgM in multiple sclerosis and neuroinflammation
2014
Intrathecal oligoclonal bands of the cerebrospinal fluid are considered the most important immunological biomarkers of multiple sclerosis. They typically consist of clonally expanded IgG antibodies that underwent affinity maturation during sustained stimulation by largely unknown antigens. In addition, ∼40% of patients with multiple sclerosis have oligoclonal bands that consist of expanded IgM antibodies. We investigated the molecular composition of IgM- and IgG-chains from cerebrospinal fluid of 12 patients with multiple sclerosis, seven patients with other neurological diseases, and eight healthy control subjects by high-throughput deep-sequencing and single-cell PCR. Further, we studied …
TpF1 from Treponema pallidum Activates Inflammasome and Promotes the Development of Regulatory T Cells
2011
Abstract Human syphilis is a multistage disease, with diverse and wide-ranging manifestations caused by Treponema pallidum. Despite the fact that a cell-mediated immune response takes part in the course of syphilis, T. pallidum often manages to evade host immunity and, in untreated individuals, may trigger chronic infection. With this study, we demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that Treponema pallidum induces a regulatory T (Treg) response in patients with secondary syphilis and we found that the miniferritin TpF1, produced by the bacterium, is able to expand this response and promote the production of TGF-β. Accordingly, TpF1 stimulates monocytes to release IL-10 and TGF-β,…
Ibrutinib as Treatment for Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Follicular Lymphoma : results From the Open-Label, Multicenter, Phase II DAWN Study
2018
Purpose The Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib has demonstrated clinical activity in B-cell malignancies. The DAWN study assessed the efficacy and safety of single-agent ibrutinib in chemoimmunotherapy relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma (FL) patients. Methods DAWN was an open-label, single-arm, phase II study of ibrutinib in patients with FL with two or more prior lines of therapy. Patients received ibrutinib 560 mg daily until progressive disease/unacceptable toxicity. The primary objective was independent review committee–assessed overall response rate (ORR; complete response plus partial response). Exploratory analyses of T-cell subsets in peripheral blood (baseline/cycle …
Pre-Emptive Immunotherapy for Clearance of Molecular Disease in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia after Transplantation
2016
Abstract Monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) or chimerism may help guide pre-emptive immunotherapy (IT) with a view to preventing relapse in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after transplantation. Patients with ALL who consecutively underwent transplantation in Frankfurt/Main, Germany between January 1, 2005 and July 1, 2014 were included in this retrospective study. Chimerism monitoring was performed in all, and MRD assessment was performed in 58 of 89 patients. IT was guided in 19 of 24 patients with mixed chimerism (MC) and MRD and by MRD only in another 4 patients with complete chimerism (CC). The 3-year probabilities of event-free survival (EFS) were .69 ± .06 for …