Search results for "MALADIE"
showing 10 items of 135 documents
Le fractionnement de la métamémoire dans la maladie d'Alzheimer
2017
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by memory deficits. However, only a few studies have explored how patients judge their memory difficulties. The main aim of this thesis is to determine in more details whether or not Alzheimer’s patients have impaired metamnesic abilities (knowledge about own memory). Indeed, previous studies showed a complex pattern of results and suggested a fractionation of metamemory in Alzheimer’s disease (Souchay, 2007). Therefore, the main aim of this thesis is to explore this fractionation in more details and to explore whether it can be observed (1) between long-term memory tasks and short-term memory tasks, (2) according to the type of response (judgment of lea…
Infected persons by the fact of a public organism : is a fair compensation by the community realistic ? A graph-theory pproach
1999
The paper focuses on indirectly infected persons (persons infected by a person, infected by a person, etc., itself infected by a public organism, for AIDS, hepatitis C, etc.). It is assumed that fairness implies the national community to indemnify them. Graph theory is used to explain what is indirect infection. The concept of chains of infection, and their length is central. Re-infections are considered also because even individuals that are initially infected by another cause could become later indirectly infected by the public agent. The number of persons to be indemnified is larger than for direct infection, so the cost of compensation is higher, unless if compensation per capita is low…
Analyse spectrale et texturale de données à haute résolution pour la détection automatique des maladies de la vigne
2019
‘Flavescence dorée’ is a contagious and incurable disease present on the vine leaves. In order to contain the infection, the regulations require growers to control each of the vine rows and to remove the suspect vine plants. This monitoring is done on foot during the harvest and mobilizes many people during a strategic period for viticulture. In order to solve this problem, the DAMAV project (Automatic detection of Vine Diseases) aims to develop a solution for automated detection of vine diseases using a micro-drone. The goal is to offer a turnkey solution for wine growers. This tool will allow the search for potential foci, and then more generally any type of vine diseases detectable on th…
Chikungunya, a water-borne disease: how have the inhabitants of the Island of Reunion handled the crisis ?
2012
The Reunion Island faced a great epidemic of chikungunya in 2005-2006. Chikungunya is a vector-borne disease transmitted by a mosquito. It is in the town of St Pierre, in the south of the island, that the first cases of chikungunya appeared in 2005. We chose to work on one area of the Ravine des Cabris, in the town of Saint-Pierre in the south of the Reunion Island, where individual housing outweighs the block of flats, where houses are surrounded by gardens – closed in for most of them, well watered- and where the foliage is important: we are in a green urban area which is a place of high prevalence. It concentrates the conditions that favour the contact man / vector and therefore the spre…
Découvrir l'imposteur : expertises dans la prison de Valence au milieu du xve siècle
2020
Les médecins étaient souvent appelés à intervenir en tant qu’experts dans les cours de justice de la ville de Valence à la fin du Moyen Âge. Ils étaient sollicités pour des raisons diverses et on attendait d’eux qu’ils rendent des jugements ou des pronostics. Un des cadres dans lesquels ils apparaissaient est la prison. La torture faisait partie du développement des procédures judiciaires en tant qu’élément destiné à prouver les faits, pour empêcher que le juge ait le moindre doute. Les doutes suscités par de possibles simulations requéraient les compétences de ces experts, à qui revenait la décision d’infliger ou non la torture au prisonnier. Cet article analyse par le menu un cas particul…
La gouvernance de l'assurance maladie : l'orientation marchande et ses paradoxes.
2008
Practices in research, surveillance and control of neglected tropical diseases by One Health approaches: A survey targeting scientists from French-sp…
2021
One health (OH) approaches have increasingly been used in the last decade in the fight against zoonotic neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). However, descriptions of such collaborations between the human, animal and environmental health sectors are still limited for French-speaking tropical countries. The objective of the current survey was to explore the diversity of OH experiences applied to research, surveillance and control of NTDs by scientists from French-speaking countries, and discuss their constraints and benefits. Six zoonotic NTDs were targeted: echinococcoses, trypanosomiases, leishmaniases, rabies, Taenia solium cysticercosis and leptospiroses. Invitations to fill in an online q…
The role of maternal effects in host-parasite interactions: examination of the development of the immune defense in a colonial seabird, the black-leg…
2004
One of the main aims of evolutionary biology is to understand the mechanisms responsible for the phenotypic variation on which natural selection can act. Maternal effects occur when a mother's phenotype or her environment influence her offspring's phenotype. Despite the importance of such effects for the ecology of host-parasite interactions, their role has been relatively neglected to date. In this thesis, we examined how mothers influence the immune defense of their young in an environment that varies in space and time. This work has primarily focused on a colonial seabird, the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla). Using this model, we have first shown that specific maternal antibodi…
Expériences croisées face à l’épreuve de la maladie d’Alzheimer. Quand personnes malades et proches dessinent des trajectoires d’accompagnement contr…
2018
Cadre de recherche : La littérature consacrée aux familles des personnes malades d’Alzheimer met en lumière la charge que peut représenter l’accompagnement d’une personne malade, mais aussi la diversité des expériences vécues par les proches. Malgré l’abondance de littérature, deux limites sont constatées : ces travaux se fondent strictement sur le discours des proches et ils appréhendent l’expérience de l’accompagnement sur la base d’une approche synchronique.Objectifs : Cet article a l’ambition de dépasser ces deux limites en mettant en dialogue, dans la durée, les témoignages des personnes malades d’Alzheimer et de leurs proches. Nous proposons d’analyser ce qui se joue dans les dynamiqu…
Type 1 macular telangiectasia
2018
L’identification à l’examen clinique de petites dilatations anévrismales et d’ectasies paracentrales fait évoquer le diagnostic de télangiectasies maculaires. Celles-ci sont le plus souvent secondaires à une pathologie, notamment au diabète, aux occlusions veineuses, aux vascularites, à un néovaisseau choroïdien de type 3, etc. Le contexte et le reste de l’examen identifieront généralement l’affection primitive. Les télangiectasies maculaires de type 1 (MacTel 1) sont idiopathiques sans cause retrouvée. Ce sont des affections rares, en grande majorité unilatérales, touchant préférentiellement l’homme d’âge moyen (1).