Search results for "MAM"
showing 10 items of 1679 documents
Phylogenetic variation in cortical layer II immature neuron reservoir of mammals
2020
The adult mammalian brain is mainly composed of mature neurons. A limited amount of stem cell-driven neurogenesis persists in postnatal life and is reduced in large-brained species. Another source of immature neurons in adult brains is cortical layer II. These cortical immature neurons (cINs) retain developmentally undifferentiated states in adulthood, though they are generated before birth. Here, the occurrence, distribution and cellular features of cINs were systematically studied in 12 diverse mammalian species spanning from small-lissencephalic to large-gyrencephalic brains. In spite of well-preserved morphological and molecular features, the distribution of cINs was highly heterogeneou…
Embryo multinucleation at the two-cell stage is an independent predictor of intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes.
2016
Objective To determine the prognostic impact of the nuclear status at the two-cell stage on intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcomes. Design Retrospective study. Setting Hospital. Patient(s) Only ICSI cycles with time-lapse monitoring of transferred embryos with known implantation/delivery data from November 2012 to December 2014 were included. A total of 2,449 embryos were assessed for multinucleation rates at the two- and four-cell stage, and 608 transferred embryos were studied for ICSI outcomes. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Implantation rate (IR) and live birth rate (LBR) according to the number of multinucleated blastomeres at the two-cell stage: none (Without-…
Effect of oocyte vitrification on embryo quality: time-lapse analysis and morphokinetic evaluation.
2017
To analyze whether oocyte vitrification may affect subsequent embryo development from a morphokinetic standpoint by means of time-lapse imaging.Observational cohort study.University-affiliated private IVF center.Ovum donation cycles conducted with the use of vitrified (n = 631 cycles; n = 3,794 embryos) or fresh oocytes (n = 1,359 cycles; n = 9,935 embryos) over 2 years.None.Embryo development was analyzed in a time-lapse imaging incubator. The studied variables included time to 2 cells (t2), 3 cells (t3), 4 cells (t4), 5 cells (t5), morula (tM), and cavitated, early, and hatching blastocyst (tB, tEB, tHB) as well as 2nd cell cycle duration (cc2 = t3 - t2). All of the embryos were classifie…
ISL1 is a major susceptibility gene for classic bladder exstrophy and a regulator of urinary tract development
2017
AbstractPreviously genome-wide association methods in patients with classic bladder exstrophy (CBE) found association with ISL1, a master control gene expressed in pericloacal mesenchyme. This study sought to further explore the genetics in a larger set of patients following-up on the most promising genomic regions previously reported. Genotypes of 12 markers obtained from 268 CBE patients of Australian, British, German Italian, Spanish and Swedish origin and 1,354 ethnically matched controls and from 92 CBE case-parent trios from North America were analysed. Only marker rs6874700 at the ISL1 locus showed association (p = 2.22 × 10−08). A meta-analysis of rs6874700 of our previous and prese…
Genomic and non-genomic mechanisms of action of thyroid hormones and their catabolite 3,5-diiodo-l-thyronine in Mammals
2020
Since the realization that the cellular homologs of a gene found in the retrovirus that contributes to erythroblastosis in birds (v-erbA), i.e. the proto-oncogene c-erbA encodes the nuclear receptors for thyroid hormones (THs), most of the interest for THs focalized on their ability to control gene transcription. It was found, indeed, that, by regulating gene expression in many tissues, these hormones could mediate critical events both in development and in adult organisms. Among their effects, much attention was given to their ability to increase energy expenditure, and they were early proposed as anti-obesity drugs. However, their clinical use has been strongly challenged by the concomita…
Odorant Metabolism Analysis by an Automated Ex Vivo Headspace Gas-Chromatography Method
2015
International audience; In the olfactory epithelium (OE), odorant metabolizing enzymes have the dual function of volatile component detoxification and active clearance of odorants from the perireceptor environment to respectively maintain the integrity of the tissues and the sensitivity of the detection. Although emphasized by recent studies, this enzymatic mechanism is poorly documented in mammals. Thus, olfactory metabolism has been characterized mainly in vitro and for a limited number of odorants. The automated ex vivo headspace gas-chromatography method that was developed here was validated to account for odorant olfactory metabolism. This method easily permits the measurement of the f…
Chemical Profiles of Integumentary and Glandular Substrates in Australian Sea Lion Pups ( Neophoca cinerea )
2019
International audience; Recognition of individuals or classes of individuals plays an important role in the communication systems of many mammals. The ability of otariid (i.e., fur seal and sea lion) females to locate and identify their offspring in colonies after returning from regular foraging trips is essential to successful pup rearing. It has been shown that olfaction is used to confirm the identity of the pup by the mother when they reunite, yet the processes by which this chemical recognition occurs remain unclear. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we examined chemical profiles of integumentary and glandular secretions/excretions from pre- and post-molt Australian sea lion …
In Vivo Cardiotoxicity Induced by Sodium Aescinate in Zebrafish Larvae
2016
Sodium aescinate (SA) is a widely-applied triterpene saponin product derived from horse chestnut seeds, possessing vasoactive and organ-protective activities with oral or injection administration in the clinic. To date, no toxicity or adverse events in SA have been reported, by using routine models (in vivo or in vitro), which are insufficient to predict all aspects of its pharmacological and toxicological actions. In this study, taking advantage of transparent zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio), we evaluated cardiovascular toxicity of SA at doses of 1/10 MNLC, 1/3 MNLC, MNLC and LC10 by yolk sac microinjection. The qualitative and quantitative cardiotoxicity in zebrafish was assessed at 48 h p…
Calcified Spinal Meningioma: A Lurking Danger
2017
Tumors of the spine with an intradural location have an incidence ranging from 3 to 10 per 100,000 persons per year, and intradural extramedullary tumors account for two thirds of all intraspinal neoplasms. Among these, spinal meningiomas account for 25%–46% of all spinal cord tumors. They develop from the arachnoid cells that differentiate from neural crest cells and, like cerebral meningioma, they have a slow-growing behavior. Although spinal meningiomas are not uncommon, calcified spinal meningioma is rare in spinal location. Calcified meningioma manifests with extensive matrix and tends to infiltrate the surrounding structures. It exhibits a growth pattern limited by an incompletely dev…
Identification of tasty compounds of cooked cured ham : physico-chemical and sensory approaches
1997
Abstract Tasty compounds from meat have not been studied in depth. The aim of this work was to isolate, identify and quantify tasty compounds from cooked cured ham and to link them to the sensory evaluations of the fractions from which they are extracted. The extraction of the water-soluble fraction from ham was done by an hydraulic press. The crude extract was ultrafiltered and both gel filtration and nanofiltration allowed to obtain edible fractions. Some links between the physicochemical and sensory data have been found, in particular, the umami taste was related to the presence of IMP and monosodium glutamate. The direct influence of proteolytic peptides on this taste is discussed. More…