Search results for "METHYLATION"
showing 10 items of 607 documents
The interplay between metabolome, epigenome and metabolic syndrome in severe obesity: the influence of sex and age
2022
Antecedentes: la obesidad en adultos se define como una acumulación anormal o excesiva de grasa que representa un importante factor de riesgo para la salud, contribuyendo a aumentar la morbilidad y la mortalidad. Aunque las condiciones de salud subyacentes y la genética podrían ser en algunos casos las principales causas de la obesidad, en la mayoría de los casos es el resultado de estilos de vida poco saludables a largo plazo. En su forma más severa clínicamente (obesidad de Clase III), el tejido adiposo se convierte en el órgano endocrino metabólico más grande que interactúa fuertemente con el sistema endocrino y contribuye al desarrollo del síndrome metabólico (MetS). El MetS es consider…
NUTRIGENOMICS EFFECTS OF PHYTOCHEMICAL INDICAXANTHIN IN in vitro CELL SYSTEMS
2014
Nutrition plays a key role in many aspects of health, indeed epidemiological studies provide evidence that diet can play essential roles in reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Accumulating evidence indicates that dietary compounds (phytochemicals) from fruit and vegetables can modulate multiple cancer-inflammation pathways which are relevant for chemoprevention and are commonly deregulated by epigenetic mechanisms in cancer cells, including drug detoxification, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis induction. Epigenetic refers to heritable alterations in gene expression that do not involve modification of the underlying genetic DNA sequence. Although epigenetic changes are heritable in somati…
Chromatin structure influences rate and spectrum of spontaneous mutations in Neurospora crassa
2023
While mutation rates have been extensively studied, variation in mutation rates throughout the genome is poorly understood. To understand patterns of genetic variation, it is important to understand how mutation rates vary. Chromatin modifications may be an important factor in determining variation in mutation rates in eukaryotic genomes. To study variation in mutation rates, we performed a mutation accumulation experiment in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, and sequenced the genomes of the 40 MA lines that had been propagated asexually for approximately 1015 [1003, 1026] mitoses. We detected 1322 mutations in total, and observed that the mutation rate was higher in regions of low …
Epigenetic mechanisms behind phenotypic changes in different population densities in bank voles (Myodes glareolus)
2017
Metsämyyrän (Myodes glareolus) fenotyyppisten muutosten epigeneettiset mekanismit eri populaatiotiheyksissä. Epigeneettisilla mekanismeilla on perustava rooli normaalissa geeniekspression aktiivisuudessa ja ne voidaan nähdä molekulaaristen prosessien systeeminä, joka reagoi ympäristötekijöihin ja säätelee geenisäätelyä muuttamatta alkuperäistä DNA-sekvenssiä. DNA-metylaatio on eniten tutkittu epigeneettinen mekanismi jolla on tärkeä rooli geenien säätelyssä normaalin solujen kehityksen aikana. Metylaatio ilmenee tyypillisesti CpG-dinukleotideissa, joissa metyyliryhmä kiinnittyy 5’-sytosiiniin (C) jota seuraava emäs on guaniini (G). Tämä voi estää näihin CpG-paikkoihin liittyvien geenien ilm…
Transcriptional and Epigenetic Response to Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.
2022
Background: The links of sedentary behavior and physical activity with health outcomes in children and adolescents is well known. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are poorly understood.We aimed to synthesize the current knowledge of the association of sedentary behavior and physical activity (acute and chronic effects) with gene expression and epigenetic modifications in children and adolescents. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were systematically searched until April 2022. A total of 15 articles were eligible for this review. The risk of bias assessment was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool for Systematic Reviews and/or a mo…
IL RICONOSCIMENTO DELLE EMOZIONI FACCIALI NEI DISTURBI PSICOTICI: UNO STUDIO SUI MECCANISMI GENETICI ED EPIGENETICI
2023
La schizofrenia e altri disturbi psicotici sono disturbi complessi con eziologia multifattoriale che comprende fattori genetici e ambientali. L’architettura genetica di questi disturbi coinvolge numerosi loci implicati nel conferire il rischio di sviluppare la malattia. Inoltre, gli studi che indagano l’eziologia molecolare di questi disturbi hanno mostrato un interesse crescente per le variazioni epigenetiche, specialmente la metilazione del DNA. I disturbi della social cognition, come le difficoltà nel riconoscimento delle emozioni facciali (FER), sono associati con i disturbi psicotici; tuttavia, il loro legame con la genetica e l’epigenetica di questi disturbi sono questioni ancora aper…
Genomewide hypomethylation and PTHrP gene hypermethylation as a model for the prediction of cancer risk in rheumatoid arthritis
2007
We have previously shown that PTHrP(38-94)-amide restrains growth and invasion "in vitro", causes striking toxicity and accelerates death of some breast cancer cell lines, the most responsive being MDA-MB231 whose tumorigenesis was also attenuated "in vivo". PTHrP(38-94)-amide contains the domain implicated in the nuclear import of PTHrP. Although the nucleus was identified as a destination for mid-region PTHrP, evidence for direct DNA-binding capability is lacking to date. Here, we examined the localization of PTHrP(38-94)-amide within MDA-MB231 cells and within metaphase spread preparations and characterized its DNA-binding properties, employing a combination of immunocytochemical, cytoge…
Effects of 5-Azacitidine on Dnmt2/Trdmt1 expression levels and endoplasmic reticulum stress in cellular models of insulinoma
2021
Diabetes mellitus affects people all over the world of all ages or social groups making it a worldwide healthcare challenge. Moreover, untreated or badly treated diabetes carries a risk of serious complications including premature death (IDF Diabetes Atlas 9th edition, 2019). The main symptom of diabetes is insulin secretion and/or action disorder leading to hyperglycemia what results in impaired carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism (“Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus,” 2013). Dnmt2/ Trdmt1 in its structure and sequence is similar to DNA methyltransferases, however, it has been shown that mainly methylates aspartic acid transfer RNA, specifically at the cytosine-38 resi…
Does the epigenetic clock GrimAge predict mortality independent of genetic influences : an 18 year follow-up study in older female twin pairs
2021
Background: Epigenetic clocks are based on DNA methylation (DNAm). It has been suggested that these clocks are useable markers of biological aging and premature mortality. Because genetic factors explain variations in both epigenetic aging and mortality, this association could also be explained by shared genetic factors. We investigated the infuence of genetic and lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, chronic diseases, body mass index) and education on the association of accelerated epigenetic aging with mortality using a longitudinal twin design. Utilizing a publicly available online tool, we calculated the epigenetic age using two epigenetic clocks, Horvath D…
N-Methyl-β-carboline alkaloids: structure-dependent photosensitizing properties and localization in subcellular domains
2020
N-Methyl-β-carboline (βC) alkaloids, including normelinonine F (1b) and melinonine F (2b), have been found in a vast range of living species playing different biological, biomedical and/or pharmacological roles. Despite this, molecular bases of the mechanisms through which these alkaloids would exert their effect still remain unknown. Fundamental aspects including the photosensitizing properties and intracellular internalization of a selected group of N-methyl-βC alkaloids were investigated herein. Data reveal that methylation of the βC main ring enhances its photosensitizing properties either by increasing its binding affinity with DNA as a biomolecular target and/or by increasing its oxid…