Search results for "MICROBIOTA"
showing 10 items of 500 documents
Depletion of Blautia Species in the Microbiota of Obese Children Relates to Intestinal Inflammation and Metabolic Phenotype Worsening
2020
Cross-sectional studies conducted with obese and control subjects have suggested associations between gut microbiota alterations and obesity, but the links with specific disease phenotypes and proofs of causality are still scarce. The present study aimed to profile the gut microbiota of lean and obese children with and without insulin resistance to characterize associations with specific obesity-related complications and understand the role played in metabolic inflammation. Through massive sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and data analysis using a novel permutation approach, we have detected decreased incidence of Blautia species, especially Blautia luti and B. wexlerae, in the gut mic…
Native arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis alters foliar bacterial community composition.
2017
The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on plant-associated microbes are poorly known. We tested the hypothesis that colonization by an AM fungus affects microbial species richness and microbial community composition of host plant tissues. We grew the grass, Deschampsia flexuosa in a greenhouse with or without the native AM fungus, Claroideoglomus etunicatum. We divided clonally produced tillers into two parts: one inoculated with AM fungus spores and one without AM fungus inoculation (non-mycorrhizal, NM). We characterized bacterial (16S rRNA gene) and fungal communities (internal transcribed spacer region) in surface-sterilized leaf and root plant compartments. AM fungus inoculat…
Role of biological control agents and physical treatments in maintaining the quality of fresh and minimally-processed fruit and vegetables
2019
International audience; Fruit and vegetables are an important part of human diets and provide multiple health benefits. However, due to the short shelf-life of fresh and minimally-processed fruit and vegetables, significant losses occur throughout the food distribution chain. Shelf-life extension requires preserving both the quality and safety of food products. The quality of fruit and vegetables, either fresh or fresh-cut, depends on many factors and can be determined by analytical or sensory evaluation methods. Among the various technologies used to maintain the quality and increase shelf-life of fresh and minimally-processed fruit and vegetables, biological control is a promising approac…
Identification of Gut Microbial Lysine and Histidine Degradation and CYP-Dependent Metabolites as Biomarkers of Fatty Liver Disease
2023
Numerous studies have described specific metabolites as biomarkers ofsevere liver diseases, but very few have measured gut microbiota (GM)-produced metab-olites in fatty liver disease. We aimed atfinding GM signatures and metabolite markersin plasma and feces related to high liver fat content. Based on imaging, we dividedstudy participants into low (,5%, LF,n= 25) and high (.5%, HF,n= 39) liver fatgroups. Fecal (LFn= 14, HFn= 25) and plasma (LFn= 11, HFn= 7) metabolomes ofsubsets of participants were studied using liquid chromatography/high resolution massspectrometry. The GM were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Additionally,blood clinical variables and diet were studied. Dyslipide…
Stability of the human microbiome. Health and disease imprinted in the time variability of the human microbiota.
2019
Animal microbiota plays an essential role in keeping the physiological status of the host healthy. This microbiota consists of hundreds of different species that inhabit the host, and whose composition varies on a daily basis due to multiple factors as diets, medicine intakes, lifestyle or diseases. It is a highly dynamical system that shows variability even when the host is in a healthy condition, but visible changes happen when the system is perturbed. Thus, the main objective of this thesis aimed to study the temporal variability of human microbiota, and link it to the health status of the host. For this, we proposed a formal definition of stability in microbial systems based on the use …
Influencia de los galactooligosacáridos sobre la biodisponibilidad y fermentación colónica de esteroles
2021
El enriquecimiento de alimentos con esteroles vegetales (EV) es una práctica común en el desarrollo de alimentos funcionales orientados a reducir el riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares debido a su conocido efecto hipocolesterolemiante. Las bebidas a base de zumo de frutas y leche son una matriz idónea para el enriquecimiento con estos compuestos bioactivos debido a su perfil nutricional saludable. Además, su efectividad se ha demostrado en poblaciones diana como mujeres postmenopáusicas con hipercolesterolemia moderada (población de interés al presentar un mayor riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular). La adición de galactooligosacáridos (GOS) a estas bebidas podría mejorar su funcionalida…
Evaluación de la biodisponibilidad oral de isoflavonas: papel de la microbiota intestinal
2014
El papel de las isoflavonas en la salud ha despertado un interés importante recientemente. Sin embargo, pocos son los estudios rigurosos al respecto, ya que en muchas ocasiones los efectos se infieren de prácticas tradicionales en los que concurren muchas otras variables además del factor en estudio. Mayor desconocimiento existe acerca de la coadministración de varias de estas sustancias o complementos cuando es una práctica habitual. En el presente proyecto se caracteriza la influencia de suplementos de microbiota sobre la biodisponibilidad de las isoflavonas. Ambos se utilizan con frecuencia en condiciones de premenopausia o durante el climaterio para compensar transtornos asociados al mi…
Cabbage and fermented vegetables: from death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19
2021
International audience; Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1 R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance …
Key features of bacterial communities in Southern Europe soils vulnerable to desertification
2019
Mediterranean soils are experiencing increasingly negative effects of climate change due to drought and extreme weather phenomena that negatively affect agriculture, already suffering social and economic constraints. The LIFE project DESERT-ADAPT - Preparing desertification areas for increased climate change - (http://www.desert-adapt.it/index.php/en/) focuses on agricultural adaptation measures aimed at reverting ongoing desertification trends, while improving the socioeconomic conditions of farmers. The soil microbiota is recognized as key player in both diversity and productivity of terrestrial ecosystems and it is mandatory to include its role in sustainable agronomic management. In ord…
Safety and immunomodulatory effects of three probiotic strains isolated from the feces of breast-fed infants in healthy adults: SETOPROB study.
2013
We previously described the isolation and characterization of three probiotic strains from the feces of exclusively breast-fed newborn infants: Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-4034, Bifidobacterium breve CNCM I-4035 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-4036. These strains were shown to adhere to intestinal mucus in vitro, to be sensitive to antibiotics and to resist biliary salts and low pH. In the present study, a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 100 healthy volunteers in three Spanish cities was carried out to evaluate the tolerance, safety, gut colonization and immunomodulatory effects of these three probiotics. Volunteers underwent a 15-day washout perio…