Search results for "MYCORRHIZAL"
showing 10 items of 134 documents
Exploit biodiversity in viticultural systems to reduce pest damage and pesticide use, and increase ecosystem services provision: the Biovine project
2019
International audience; Organic vineyards still rely on large external inputs to control harmful organisms (i.e., pests). The BIOVINE project aims to develop natural solutions based on plant diversity to control pests and reduce pesticide dependence. The capability of plants of increasing the ecosystem resistance to pests and invasive species is a well-known ecosystem service. However, monocultures (including vineyards) do not exploit the potential of plant diversity. BIOVINE aims to develop new viticultural systems based on increased plant diversity within (e.g., cover crops) and/or around (e.g., hedges, vegetation spots) vineyards by planting selected plant species for the control of arth…
Effect of rhizosphère bacteria and endomycorrhizal fungi on the growth of Christmas rose (Helleborus niger L.)
2010
International audience; Micropropagated and vegetative (by rhizome cuttings) propagated plants of Christmas rose ( Helleborus niger L.) were tested for their responses to the inoculation with microorganisms in order to optimize root growth and development. In our experiment, plants were inoculated with arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungi or/and Agrobacterium radiobacter . The investigation indicated that inoculation with A. radiobacter had significantly positive effect on growth and development of plants multiplicated by in vitro techniques as compared to the dual inoculation. This study indicates that, biotization can be beneficial to plant growth in in vitro plant production systems but inoc…
Soil Nutrient and Water providers: How Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Mycelia Support Plant Performance in a Resource-Limited World
2007
International audience
Towards a cell-specific expression atlas of arbuscular mycorrhizal roots in the model legume Medicago truncatula
2007
International audience
Effect of cadmium on growth, isoflavonoid and protein accumulation patterns in mycorrhizal roots of Medicago truncatula
2007
International audience; Ecosystems are submitted to various abiotic stresses, among which heavy metals represent major industrial pollutants. Cadmium (Cd), that has damaging effects on plant metabolism, occurs in agricultural environments through industrial pollution and human activities, including phosphate fertiliser and sewage sludge applications. Metal availability to plants can be modulated by soil microorganisms, including arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. In the present work, Cd effects on the model legume Medicago truncatula inoculated or not with the AM fungus Glomus intraradices have been studied at 3 levels: (1) plant biomass production together with green part chlorophyll quant…
Isolation and characterization of N transporters putatively involved in the Hebeloma cylindrosporum-Pinus pinaster ectomycorrhizal association
2007
International audience; Studies of nitrogen metabolism in ectomycorrhizas have demonstrated that the fungal symbiont plays a fully integrated role in plant root metabolism and participates actively in the assimilation and transfer of newly absorbed nitrogen compounds by transferring amino acids. In symbiotic associations, such as mycorrhizas, location of the symbiosis ensures that mycelial growth of the fungus into soil provides access to nutrients in the soil solution. Changes in the distribution and activity of membrane-bound transport proteins in response to symbiotic interactions need to be investigated. In recent years several genes from H. cylindrosporum and P. pinaster, putatively in…
Mycorrhizal inocula: innovations or more rational use?
2007
International audience; At present, commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inocula are produced in nursery plots, containers with different substrates and plants, aeroponic systems or, more recently, in vitro (1). Different formulated products are available on the market, which creates the need for the establishment of standards for widely accepted quality control. In particular, inoculum formulation should be optimised for maximum symbiosis efficiency together with the absence of pathogens. In some methods of inoculum production the presence of other soil microbes cannot be avoided. In these cases technological innovations are requested for monitoring microbial populations for an optimal m…
The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis a modulator of cadmium stress
2008
International audience; Ecosystems are submitted to various abiotic stresses, among which heavy metals represent major industrial pollutants. Cadmium (Cd), that has damaging effects on plant metabolism, occurs in agricultural environments through industrial pollution and human activities, including phosphate fertiliser and sewage sludge applications. Metal availability to plants can be modulated by soil microorganisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. In the present work, Cd effects on the model legume Medicago truncatula inoculated or not with the AM fungus Glomus intraradices have been studied at 3 levels: (1) plant biomass production together with green part chlorophyll quantif…
Could subcellular proteomics of root plastids teach us more about mycorrhizal symbiosis?
2007
International audience; The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is a mutualistic association between soil-borne fungi and the roots of most plant species. Involving the bilateral exchange of nutrients, the symbiosis is connected to drastic changes in plant cell organelle morphology and physiology. Root plastids, in particular, are forming extensive, network-like structures covering the main symbiotic interface, i.e., intracellular, highly branched haustorium-like fungal structures called arbuscules. These plastid networks are highly dynamic and are formed and degraded concomitantly with the formation and degradation of arbuscules. By producing basic metabolic building blocks like fatty ac…
Host preference in dark septate root endophytes of prairie grasses
2007
International audience; Microbiological examination of prairie grass roots usually reveals the presence of diverse mycorrhizal and dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi. Some of these fungi can enhance plant resistance to abiotic stress in extreme environments. The host specificity of two DSE fungi isolated from pure stands of crested wheatgrass and Russian wildrye in southwest Saskatchewan was assessed in microcosms. Pure cultures of endophytic fungal isolates were obtained after plating surface sterile root pieces on Potato dextrose agar. Plugs containing these fungi were used to individually inoculate germinated surface sterile seeds of crested wheatgrass and Russian wildrye, and control p…