Search results for "Major depressive disorder"
showing 10 items of 122 documents
Feeling addressed! The neural processing of social communicative cues in patients with major depression
2020
Abstract The feeling of being addressed is the first step in a complex processing stream enabling successful social communication. Social impairments are a relevant characteristic of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Here, we investigated a mechanism which—if impaired—might contribute to withdrawal or isolation in MDD, namely, the neural processing of social cues such as body orientation and gesture. During funtional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data acquisition, 33 patients with MDD and 43 healthy control subjects watched video clips of a speaking actor: one version with a gesture accompanying the speech and one without gesture. Videos were filmed simultaneously from two …
Early improvement of executive test performance during antidepressant treatment predicts treatment outcome in patients with Major Depressive Disorder
2017
Executive dysfunctions frequently occur in patients with Major Depressive Disorder and have been shown to improve during effective antidepressant treatment. However, the time course of improvement and its relationship to treatment outcome is unknown. The aim of the study was to assess the test performance and clinical outcome by repetitive assessments of executive test procedures during antidepressant treatment. Executive test performance was assessed in 209 –patients with Major Depressive Disorder (mean age 39.3 ± 11.4 years) and 84 healthy controls five times in biweekly intervals from baseline to week 8. Patients were treated by a defined treatment algorithm within the early medication c…
Screening for bipolar disorders in Spanish-speaking populations: sensitivity and specificity of the Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale-Spanish Version.
2010
Background: Bipolar disorder is commonly misdiagnosed, perhaps more so in Latin American and Spanish-speaking populations than in the United States. The Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS) is a 19-item screening instrument designed to assist in screening for all types of bipolar disorder. Methods: The authors investigated the sensitivity of a Spanish-language version of the BSDS in a cohort of 65 outpatients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder, based on a semi-structured interview and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision criteria. To determine specificity, we assessed a control group of 36 outpatients with diagnosis of unipolar major dep…
Minor depression in adolescence: phenomenology and clinical correlates.
2006
Abstract Background Depressions that fail to meet the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) may be underdiagnosed and undertreated in adolescent population. Traditionally, they are not considered as serious conditions and the phenomenological nature and clinical correlates of these disorders are largely unknown. In the present study, we used a large, representative and age-standardized sample of adolescents to examine the phenomenology and clinical correlates of minor depression, a poorly understood condition included in the category of Depressive Disorder Not Otherwise Specified in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fourth Edition–Text Revised (DSM-IV-T…
Association Between Citalopram Serum Levels and Clinical Improvement of Patients With Major Depression
2011
Imaging studies have shown that serum concentrations of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram correlate with serotonin transporter (5-HTT) occupancy in vivo. In patients with major depressive disorders treated with citalopram, 80% 5-HTT occupancy was considered to be necessary for maximal therapeutic effects, which requires citalopram serum concentrations of at least 50 ng/mL. The aim of this study was to compare treatment outcome in patients with citalopram serum concentrations greater than and less than 50 ng/mL after 7 days of treatment. This study included inpatients with acute major depressive disorder according to International Classification of Disease, 10th Revision …
MFCC-based Recurrent Neural Network for automatic clinical depression recognition and assessment from speech
2022
Abstract Clinical depression or Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a common and serious medical illness. In this paper, a deep Recurrent Neural Network-based framework is presented to detect depression and to predict its severity level from speech. Low-level and high-level audio features are extracted from audio recordings to predict the 24 scores of the Patient Health Questionnaire and the binary class of depression diagnosis. To overcome the problem of the small size of Speech Depression Recognition (SDR) datasets, expanding training labels and transferred features are considered. The proposed approach outperforms the state-of-art approaches on the DAIC-WOZ database with an overall accura…
Real-world evidence from a European cohort study of patients with treatment resistant depression: Treatment patterns and clinical outcomes.
2021
Abstract Background Treatment resistant depression (TRD) characterizes a subgroup of 10–30% of patients with major depressive disorder, and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. A consensus treatment for TRD does not exist, which often leads to wide variations in treatment strategies. Real-world studies on treatment patterns and outcomes in TRD patients in Europe are lacking and could help elucidate current treatment strategies and their efficacy. Methods This non-interventional cohort study of patients with TRD (defined as treatment failure on ≥2 oral antidepressants given at adequate dose and duration) with moderate to severe depression collected real-world data on trea…
Mood congruence effect in explicit and implicit memory tasks: a comparison between depressed patients, schizophrenic patients and controls
1993
Summary This study investigates mood congruence effect in explicit and implicit memory tasks in 23 inpatients fulfilling DSM-III-R criteria for major depressive disorder. Performances were compared to those of 15 in- or outpatients fulfilling DSM-III-R criteria for schizophrenia, and 37 normal subjects serving as euthymics controls. All subjects were submitted to a standard cued recall test and to a word stem completion test devised to assess the effect of the initial presentation without the explicit retrieval of the words being necessary. The material used for these two tasks consisted of emotionally negative and positive words. The results show a mood congruence effect in the ```implicit…
The Relationship Between Polygenic Risk Scores and Cognition in Schizophrenia
2020
Abstract Background Cognitive impairment is a clinically important feature of schizophrenia. Polygenic risk score (PRS) methods have demonstrated genetic overlap between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), educational attainment (EA), and IQ, but very few studies have examined associations between these PRS and cognitive phenotypes within schizophrenia cases. Methods We combined genetic and cognitive data in 3034 schizophrenia cases from 11 samples using the general intelligence factor g as the primary measure of cognition. We used linear regression to examine the association between cognition and PRS for EA, IQ, schizophrenia, BD, and MDD. The results wer…
Applying polygenic risk scoring for psychiatric disorders to a large family with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder
2018
Psychiatric disorders are thought to have a complex genetic pathology consisting of interplay of common and rare variation. Traditionally, pedigrees are used to shed light on the latter only, while here we discuss the application of polygenic risk scores to also highlight patterns of common genetic risk. We analyze polygenic risk scores for psychiatric disorders in a large pedigree (n ~ 260) in which 30% of family members suffer from major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder. Studying patterns of assortative mating and anticipation, it appears increased polygenic risk is contributed by affected individuals who married into the family, resulting in an increasing genetic risk over generat…