Search results for "Maltreatment"

Do child abuse and maltreatment increase risk of schizophrenia?

2012

INTRODUCTION: IntroductionaaAlthough childhood abuse is a recognised risk factor for depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and substance misuse, its role in the aetiology of psychotic disorder remained controversial. This is in part because the putative effect of childhood trauma on psychosis has been mostly evaluated by small, cross sectional, uncontrolled studies that raised methodological issues. METHODS: Papers concerning the association between childhood trauma and psychotic disorders (to November, 2011) were identified using a comprehensive search of PubMed, Psychinfo, and Scopus and analysing reference list of relevant papers. A narrative synthesis was used to summarise results…

Cumulative Childhood Maltreatment and Non‐Suicidal Self‐Injury: the Mediating and Moderating Role of Perceived Social Support in a Sample of Universi…

2022

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in young adults is recognized as a major public health concern. Some studies have identi- fied cumulative childhood maltreatment (CCM) as a significant vulnerability factor for NSSI, although the nature of this association remains unclear. Specifically, some theorists have investigated the role of perceived social support (PSS), con- sidered an important factor closely associated with both CCM and NSSI. The aim of the current study was to simultaneously investigate the potential mediating and moderating role of PSS from family and friends in the association between CCM and NSSI in a university student sample. Participants were 474 students (73.4% female; Mage…

The moderating effects of social support and romantic relationship in the link between child maltreatment and self-harm

2019

La strutturazione del legame di attaccamento in minori esposti a violenza domestica

2017

The construction of an attachment bond in children exposed to domestic violence. The structuring of the attachment bond may be influenced by specific characteristics related to individuals and context. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of attachment in a family unit composed of one mother and four children, who were living in a Safe House for victims fleeing from domestic violence. Attachment was evaluated in the mother through administration of the Adult Attachment Interview (George, Kaplan, & Main, 1985) and in the children through administration of the Separation Anxiety Test (Attili, 2001). Results highlighted an insecure attachment in the mother and in the youngest chil…

The Interplay between Child Maltreatment and Stressful Life Events during Adulthood and Cardiovascular Problems—A Representative Study

2021

Psychological stress is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. While the relevance of early life stress, such as that which is due to child maltreatment (CM), is well known to impact individual stress responses in the long-term, and data on the interplay between CM and stressful events in adulthood on cardiovascular health are sparse. Here, we aimed to assess how stressful life events in adulthood are associated with cardiovascular health infarction in later life and whether this association is independent of CM. In a cross-sectional design, a probability sample of the German population above the age of 14 was drawn using different sampling steps. The final sample included 2510 pe…

Konfliktbewältigung als pathogenetisches Bindeglied zwischen psychosozialen Belastungen in der Kindheit und psychischen Erkrankungen im Erwachsenenal…

2001

Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: In der vorliegenden Studie wird der Zusammenhang zwischen neurotischen beziehungsweise unreifen Konfliktbewaltigungsstrategien mit spezifischen psychosozialen Belastungen in der Kindheit und deren kumulative Wirkung untersucht. Es wird dabei die Hypothese uberpruft, ob bestimmte Konfliktbewaltigungsstrategien als pathogenetisches Bindeglied zwischen psychischer Erkrankung im Erwachsenenalter und psychosozialen Belastungen und Traumatisierungen in der Kindheit angesehen werden konnen. Methode: 407 konsekutiv in der Ambulanz einer psychosomatischen Universitatsklinik untersuchte Patienten konnten nach abgeschlossener Diagnostik und Klassifikation nach ICD-10 in …

Dipendenza da sostanze ed esperienze sfavorevoli infantili: uno studio empirico condotto con la Childhood Experiences of Care and Abuse Interview (CE…

2015

Backgroud: Numerose ricerche rilevano l’impatto che esperienze sfavorevoli infantili possono avere sulla dipendenza da sostanze. Metodo: 32 tossicodipendenti maschi in trattamento presso comunità e 32 soggetti appartenenti a un gruppo non clinico sono stai intervistati attraverso la Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse. Risultati: La maggior parte dei soggetti del gruppo clinico ha esperito maggiori esperienze (p<0,05) di negligenza, abuso fisico, abuso psicologico e ha ricevuto forme più inadeguate di supervisione e disciplina. Inoltre, i soggetti del gruppo clinico sono stati esposti a un numero più elevato (p=0,01) di esperienze sfavorevoli. Conclusioni: I risultati suggeriscono la pre…

Ex post-facto study of long-term stress in a sample of adoptees

2015

In this work we study the impact of relinquishment and the adoption process in posttraumatic symptoms and stressful life events in a group of 55 adults that were adopted as children after the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). The effects of institutionalization, maltreatment and traumatic revelation of the adopted status have also been studied. No significant differences were found between institutionalized and non-institutionalized adoptees in posttraumatic symptomatology and stressful life events frequency. However, maltreated adoptees scored significantly higher in intrusion, arousal and stressful life events frequency than non-maltreated. Similar differences were found in the comparison be…

Abnormal emotional processing in maltreated children diagnosed of Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

2017

Abstract Maltreated children usually show a specific pattern of emotional and behavioral symptoms that exceed those relating to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These symptoms have been defined as Complex PTSD (CPTSD). The underlying attentional mechanisms of abnormal emotional processing and their relation to the clinical presentation of CPTSD are not well understood. A visual dot-probe paradigm involving pre-attentive (i.e., 500 ms) and attentive (i.e., 1500 ms) presentation rates of neutral versus emotional (i.e., angry, happy or sad) facial expressions was applied. Twenty-one maltreated CPTSD children were compared with twenty-six controls. The results are as follows: an attention …

Prevention and contrast of child abuse and neglect in the practice of European paediatricians: a multi-national pilot study

2021

AbstractBackgroundChild abuse and neglect, or maltreatment, is a serious public health problem, which may cause long-term effects on children’s health and wellbeing and expose them to further adulthood vulnerabilities. Studies on child maltreatment performed in Europe are scarce, and the number of participants enrolled relatively small. The aim of this multi-national European pilot study, was to evaluate the level of understanding and perception of the concepts of child abuse and neglect by European paediatricians working in different medical settings, and the attitude toward these forms of maltreatment in their practice.MethodsThe study was performed by a cross-sectional, descriptive, onli…