Search results for "Mandarin"

Insect repellent and chemical agronomic treatments to reduce seed numberin'Afourer'mandarin. Effect on yield and fruit diameter

2019

Abstract Obtaining citrus fruits without seeds is a recurrent objective for farmers as it is one of the most valued characteristics, especially in mandarins. ‘Afourer’ tangor is a highly valuable well-established mandarin, and a high percentage of seeded fruits are produced under cross-pollination conditions. Several agronomic techniques have been suggested to control presence of seeds, such as covering with nets and copper sulfate (CuSO4) and gibberellic acid (GA3) treatments. Natural bee repellents are also proposed to reduce the number of seeds per fruit. In this study, we aimed to compare the effect of several agronomic treatments to reduce the seed number in 'Afourer' mandarin. To this…

Leaf starch and nutrient responses to stem girdling and drought stress with respect to understanding HLB (greening) symptoms in citrus

2016

The most important problem in world citrus production is the bacterial disease Huanglongbing (HLB; greening) which is caused by a phloem-limited bacterium that is vectored by a phloem-feeding psyllid. The earliest visible symptoms of HLB in leaves are an asymmetrical chlorosis referred to as "blotchy mottle", thought to be from starch accumulation from a phloem dysfunction and a decline in root health. We tested the hypothesis that such visible symptoms are not unique to HLB by stemgirdling two year-old seedling trees of 'Cleopatra' mandarin and 'Swingle' citrumelo rootstocks in the greenhouse. Girdling induced a 4-fold greater starch concentration in leaves on well-watered trees while star…

Play it by ear? An ERP study of Chinese polysemous verb yǒu

2021

Abstract Mandarin Chinese yŏu is a polysemous verb. It can be interpreted as meaning either ‘have’ or ‘there be/exist’ in sentences of the form ‘NP1 yŏu NP2’, which can correspondingly be analyzed as either a Have-Possessive construction (‘NP1 has NP2’) or an existential/locative construction (‘(At/in) NP1 there is NP2’), or both. This study used event-related brain potentials to investigate whether and how the interpretation of yŏu in a given ‘NP1 yŏu NP2’ construction is determined by the semantics of the nouns involved and their relationship. Twenty-seven participants read sentences of this construction. The results showed that there were different patterns of brain activity that can be …

VOT in French as a foreign language : A production and perception study with mono- and multilingual learners (German/Mandarin-Chinese)

2016

This study addresses the production of Voice Onset Time (VOT) in French as a foreign language (FFL). The learners are young multilingual learners who speak Mandarin Chinese as a heritage language along with German. To determine potential effects of the learners’ multilingual background, these multilingual learners were compared to three control groups: (1) monolingual German learners of FFL, (2) monolingual Mandarin Chinese learners of FFL, and (3) native speakers of French (L1). In addition, a perception experiment was carried out to find out to what extent the VOT values measured in the production data contribute to the perception of foreign accent. Our results show that multilingual lear…

Reversibility in Chinese word formation influences target identification.

2011

We recorded event-related brain potentials during the processing of visually presented compound words in Mandarin Chinese. We capitalized on a particular characteristic of Chinese word formation, where two constituents can be combined in two different orders (A+B or B+A), yielding distinct meanings-so-called "reversible words". By investigating the impact of structural reversibility on the processing of compounds in Chinese during a lexical decision task, the present study revealed a pronounced difference between reversible and non-reversible words. Analyses revealed a more enhanced negativity (N400) for reversible words, reflecting demands during semantic processing, followed by a P300-lik…

La influencia de dialectos chinos en el aprendizaje de la pronunciación de español :

2019

Resumen: Este trabajo pretende mostrar la influencia fonológica de los dialectos chinos en el aprendizaje de español tomando el shanghainés como ejemplo. Se hace una comparación entre el inventario consonántico y vocálico, así como la entonación del dialecto shanghainés y del chino mandarín para encontrar las características fonológicas propias del primero que ayudan en el aprendizaje del español. La investigación revela que se facilita la pronunciación de las consonantes oclusivas sonoras y la entonación menos marcada para los hablantes del shanghainés gracias a su dialecto pero no les resultan fáciles los grupos consonánticos ni la vibrante. El gran número de consonantes nasales en el chi…

Un'indagine esplorativa sul consumo del mandarino Tardivo di Ciaculli

2010

The texture of tongues: Languages and power in China

1998

Mandarin stands at the pinnacle of a metalinguistic hierarchy which mirrors the vertical basis of power in China today. State language policies have established official minority languages and Chinese ‘dialects’ under the arching umbrella of the Chinese state; yet their domain is strictly constrained through prescriptive standardization. The tension between this codifying imperative and the dynamic force of speaker identity is examined through the expressions of power through language use, inviting a re‐examination of assumptions about the static texture of language in a multilingual society.

Hyperspectral LCTF-based system for classification of decay in mandarins caused by Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum using the most rele…

2013

[EN] Green mold (Penicillium digitatum) and blue mold (Penicillium italicum) are important sources of postharvest decay affecting the commercialization of mandarins. These fungi infections produce enormous economic losses in mandarin production if early detection is not carried out. Nowadays, this detection is performed manually in dark chambers, where the fruit is illuminated by ultraviolet light to produce fluorescence, which is potentially dangerous for humans. This paper documents a new methodology based on hyperspectral imaging and advanced machine-learning techniques (artificial neural networks and classification and regression trees) for the segmentation and classification of images …

The role of animacy in online argument interpretation in Mandarin Chinese

2011

The present event-related brain potential (ERPs) study demonstrates that online argument interpretation in verb-final structures in Mandarin Chinese is modulated by two factors: a preference for Undergoer-before-Actor orders and a preference for animate Actor arguments. Participants listened to sentences with NP(animate)-NP(inanimate)-verb or NP(inanimate)-NP(animate)-verb orders embedded in minimal contexts. Sentences were disambiguated towards either an Actor-initial or an Undergoer-initial order by the clause-final verb. Between 450 and 700 ms post verb onset, we observed an anterior negativity for sentences violating both preferences (inanimate-Actor-initial structures) vs. sentences fu…