Search results for "Manufacturing engineering"
showing 10 items of 1977 documents
Radiometric calibration of SeaWIFS in the near infrared
2005
The radiometric calibration of the Sea-Viewing Wide-Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS) in the near infrared (band 8, centered on 865 nm) is evaluated by use of ground-based radiometer measurements of solar extinction and sky radiance in the Sun's principal plane at two sites, one located 13 km off Venice, Italy, and the other on the west coast of Lanai Island, Hawaii. The aerosol optical thickness determined from solar extinction is used in an iterative scheme to retrieve the pseudo aerosol phase function, i.e., the product of single-scattering albedo and phase function, in which sky radiance is corrected for multiple scattering effects. No assumption about the aerosol model is required. The ae…
Laboratory evaluation of falling-head infiltration for saturated soil hydraulic conductivity determination
2020
Falling-head one-dimensional infiltration procedures, such as the simplified falling-head (SFH) technique, yield estimates of saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, Ks, with parsimonious and rapid experiments. Factors that can influence determination of Ks by the SFH technique were tested in the laboratory on three repacked soils differing by particle diameter ranges (0-2000, 0- 105 and 105-2000 mm, respectively). Using the theoretically calculated depth of ponding on the infiltration surface, D, instead of the measured one had a small impact on the Ks calculations (means differing by a factor of 1.1-1.2, depending on the soil). For the finest soil, Ks decreased by 3.1 times as D increased …
Predicting plot soil loss by empirical and process-oriented approaches. A review
2018
Soil erosion directly affects the quality of the soil, its agricultural productivity and its biological diversity. Many mathematical models have been developed to estimate plot soil erosion at different temporal scales. At present, empirical soil loss equations and process-oriented models are considered as constituting a complementary suite of models to be chosen to meet the specific user need. In this paper, the Universal Soil Loss Equation and its revised versions are first reviewed. Selected methodologies developed to estimate the factors of the model with the aim to improve the soil loss estimate are described. Then the Water Erosion Prediction Project which represents a process-oriente…
Coping with the impacts of Urban Heat Islands A literature based study on understanding urban heat vulnerability and the need for resilience in citie…
2018
The urban heat island (UHI) is a phenomenon whereby temperature levels in urban areas are higher than in surrounding rural settings. Urban heat islands are a matter of increasing concern, since they can affect communities by exacerbating air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions (due to the greater use of air conditioning) and the occurrence of heat-related illness, and may lead to higher levels of mortality. This paper provides a description of the phenomena of (UHI) and an analysis of how cities are vulnerable to it. It highlights the need for resilience and the variety of means by which the UHI can be tackled. It describes a set of trends in two regions in Germany and Australia, which i…
Extraction and Analysis of Carotenoids from Escherichia coli in Color Complementation Assays
2017
A common method to investigate the function of genes putatively involved in carotenoid biosynthesis is the so called color complementation assay in Escherichia coli (see, e.g., Cunningham and Gantt, 2007). In this assay, the gene under investigation is expressed in E. coli strains genetically engineered to synthesize potential carotenoid substrates, followed by analysis of the pigment changes in the carotenogenic bacteria via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two crucial steps in this method are (i) the quantitative extraction of the carotenoids out of E. coli and (ii) the reproducible and complete separation of the pigments by HPLC. Here, we present a protocol for the extracti…
Shelf life extension of mozzarella cheese contaminated with Penicillium spp. using the antifungal compound ɛ-polylysine.
2019
Molds are one of the most important spoilage organisms on cheese which can lead to economic loss as well as raising public health concerns due to the production of mycotoxins. This study investigates the use of ɛ-polylysine as natural antimicrobial to inhibit fungal growth. The minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal fungicidal concentrations of ɛ-polylysine were determined against Penicillium roqueforti, Penicillium nordicum, and Penicillium solitum. Then, polylysine was tested as surface antimicrobial for the preservation of mozzarella slice cheese inoculated with these Penicillium spp. and stored in plastic trays during 25 days. The minimal inhibitory concentrations calculated for…
Pulsed electric field assisted extraction of nutritionally valuable compounds from microalgae Nannochloropsis spp. using the binary mixture of organi…
2015
Abstract This work studies the potential of the pulsed electric field (PEF) assisted extraction of nutritionally valuable compounds from microalgae Nannochloropsis spp. using the binary mixture of organic solvents (dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO and ethanol, EtOH) and water. The one-stage (E I ) and two stage (E II ) extraction procedures were compared. The procedure E I included the common extraction using the binary mixtures. Two stage (E II ) extraction procedure involved PEF-treatment (20 kV/cm) of microalgae suspension (1% wt.) and extraction in water as the first step. The second step included the common extraction using the binary mixtures. The effects of extraction procedure and concentra…
Combined influence of bud load and bud position along the cane on vegetative and reproductive parameters of grape cv. Grillo
2019
Cultivar Grillo vines are characterized by problems with flower biology (the fertility of basal buds) and fructification (millerandage). In this study, to manage the variability in bunch weight with winter pruning and to program others canopy management practices (i.e. early defoliation), three different treatments of bud load were set up by leaving the cane with 3, 6 or 10 buds. The effects of bud load and cane length were studies regarding bud fertility, shoot leaf area, and the number of flowers and berries, as well as the relationship between leaf area and percentage of fruit set, leaf area/flower and percentage of fruit set, and the number of hens and chicks berries. Shoots in the dist…
Influence of shear rate and concentration ratio on viscous synergism. Application to xanthan—Iocust bean gum— NaCMC mixtures Influencia de la velocid…
2000
A method is described that allows the development of an empirical approach to quantify synergistic interactions and their variations with shear rate. The approach is based on the definition of a viscous synergism index, Iv. The method is applied to xanthan-locust bean gum gels, and an equation is developed for relating the synergism index to shear rate, γ, and the locust bean gum/xanthan gum concentration ratio, z. The value of at which that function has a maximum, IMV, is calculated. This value of z provided an estimation of the proportion of gums at which maximum synergism occurs. A decreasing exponential dependence of these IMV on γ is shown. The influence of the addition of a fixed pro…
Revision: Indicadores del deterioro de la calidad proteica y del valor nutritivo de la leche / Review: Indicators of damage of protein quality and nu…
1999
The nutritional value of milk can be negatively affected by thermal treatments. The quality of the proteins can be modified as a consequence of a set of reactions, the most important of which are the interactions between protein and carbohydrates, also known as Maillard reactions. These reactions can also occur when the storage conditions of moisture and temperature are unfavorable. The differ ent thermal treatments involved in processing milk (pasteurization, sterilization, drying, etc.) lead to different steps of the Maillard reaction and therefore to the formation of different compounds that can be useful as chemical markers of milk alteration, or more exactly of protein alteration. Est…