Search results for "Maternal-fetal exchange"
showing 10 items of 26 documents
The effects of alpha-cypermethrin exposure on biochemical and redox parameters in pregnant rats and their newborns
2016
IF 2.388; International audience; Pyrethroid insecticides are extensively used in agriculture and in household activities. During pregnancy, they might affect maternal metabolic status and there after fetal development. In this work, we studied metabolic and redox effects of low dose alpha-cypermethrin exposure in pregnant rats and their offspring. The diet containing alpha cypermethrin at 0.02 mg/kg/day was consumed during the entire gestation. Plasma biochemical parameters as well as liver lipid and oxidative stress markers were determined. Our results showed that alpha-cypermethrin induced an increase in body weight and in plasma glucose and lipid levels, as well as in plasma aspartate a…
Der Säure-Basenstatus und die CO2-Transportfunktion des mütterlichen und fetalen Blutes zum Zeitpunkt der Geburt
1965
Als Voraussetzung fur die Analyse des Gasaustausches in der menschlichen Placenta werden die charakteristischen Daten fur den CO2-Transport und den Saure-Basenstatus im mutterlichen und fetalen Blut zum Zeitpunkt der Geburt bestimmt. Dabei ergeben sich als Mittelwerte bei 54 Fallen normaler Spontangeburt mit einzeitiger Entwicklung des Kindes, bei denen samtliche Meswerte vorliegen:
Detection of IgA and IgM antibodies to HIV-1 in neonates by radioimmune western blotting.
1992
OBJECTIVE--To detect infection with HIV-1 by IgA and IgM response at birth in children born to HIV-1 seropositive mothers. DESIGN--Western blotting and radioimmune western blotting on stored sera from infected and uninfected babies born to HIV-1 seropositive mothers. Sera were pretreated to remove IgG. SETTING--Parma and Bologna, Italy. SUBJECTS--12 infected and five uninfected babies born to HIV-1 seropositive mothers and three babies born to seronegative mothers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Effectiveness of western blotting and radioimmune western blotting in detecting antibodies to HIV-1 gene products. RESULTS--With conventional western blotting we found IgA class antibodies to HIV-1 proteins…
Sex–biased maternal investment in voles: importance of environmental conditions
2004
Adaptive bias in sex allocation is traditionally proposed to be related to the condition of mothers as well as to the unequal fitness values of produced sexes. A positive relationship between mother condition and investment into male offspring is often predicted. This relationship was also recently found to depend on environmental conditions. We studied these causalities experimentally using a design where winter food supply was manipulated in eight outdoor-enclosed populations of field voles Microtus agrestis. At the beginning of the breeding season in spring, food-supplemented mothers seemed to be in a similar condition, measured as body mass, head width, body condition index and parasite…
Maternal medication use and the risk of brain tumors in the offspring: The SEARCH international case-control study
2006
International audience; N-nitroso compounds (NOC) have been associated with carcinogenesis in a wide range of species, including humans. There is strong experimental data showing that nitrosamides (R(1)NNO.COR(2)), a type of NOC, are potent neuro-carcinogens when administered transplacentally. Some medications are a concentrated source of amides or amines, which in the presence of nitrites under normal acidic conditions of the stomach can form NOC. Therefore, these compounds, when ingested by women during pregnancy, may be important risk factors for tumors of the central nervous system in the offspring. The aim of the present study was to test the association between maternal use of medicat…
Maternal and fetal genetic effects on birth weight and their relevance to cardio-metabolic risk factors
2019
AbstractBirth weight (BW) variation is influenced by fetal and maternal genetic and non-genetic factors, and has been reproducibly associated with future cardio-metabolic health outcomes. These associations have been proposed to reflect the lifelong consequences of an adverse intrauterine environment. In earlier work, we demonstrated that much of the negative correlation between BW and adult cardio-metabolic traits could instead be attributable to shared genetic effects. However, that work and other previous studies did not systematically distinguish the direct effects of an individual’s own genotype on BW and subsequent disease risk from indirect effects of their mother’s correlated genoty…
Maternal Supplementation with Folic Acid and Other Vitamins and Risk of Leukemia in Offspring
2014
Maternal prenatal supplementation with folic acid and other vitamins has been inconsistently associated with a reduced risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Little is known regarding the association with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a rarer subtype.We obtained original data on prenatal use of folic acid and vitamins from 12 case-control studies participating in the Childhood Leukemia International Consortium (enrollment period: 1980-2012), including 6,963 cases of ALL, 585 cases of AML, and 11,635 controls. Logistic regression was used to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for child's age, sex, ethnicity, parental education, and s…
Decreased prevalence of left-handedness among females with male co-twins: evidence suggesting prenatal testosterone transfer in humans?
2009
Studies of singletons suggest that right-handed individuals may have higher levels of testosterone than do left-handed individuals. Prenatal testosterone levels are hypothesised to be especially related to handedness formation. In humans, female members from opposite-sex twin pairs may experience elevated level of prenatal exposure to testosterone in their intra-uterine environment shared with a male. We tested for differences in rates of left-handedness/right-handedness in female twins from same-sex and opposite-sex twin pairs. Our sample consisted of 4736 subjects, about 70% of all Finnish twins born in 1983–1987, with information on measured pregnancy and birth related factors. Circulati…
Report on Intrauterine Drug Exposure During Second Trimester of Pregnancy in a Heroin-Associated Death
1999
A 17-year-old girl was found dead in a public toilet with fresh needle puncture marks. She was 18-20 weeks pregnant with a male fetus. Drug screening of her blood and urine indicated recent heroin use. Chronic drug use was confirmed by hair analysis. Amniotic fluid as well as fetal and maternal tissues and body fluids were analyzed by GC/MS and HPLC. All the fetal specimens were investigated, and the following levels of drugs were found: 6-monoacetyl-morphine (blood: 152 ng/g; amniotic fluid: 128 ng/g; brain: 140 ng/g; lung: 110 ng/g; liver: 2 ng/g; kidney: 40 ng/g), morphine (blood: 1360 ng/g; amniotic fluid: 604 ng/g; brain: 710 ng/g; lung: 1030 ng/g; liver: 2060 ng/g; kidney: 1100 ng/g),…
Unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney in infants exposed to antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy
2007
Prenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) increases the risk of major congenital malformations (MCM) in the fetus. AED-related abnormalities include heart and neural tube defects, cleft palate, and urogenital abnormalities. Among the various congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT), multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) disease is one of the most severe expressions. Although prenatal ultrasound (US) examination has increased the prenatal diagnosis of MCDK, the pathogenesis is still unclear. We report on four cases of MCDK in infants of epileptic women treated with AEDs during pregnancy. From October 2003 to June 2006, we observed four infants with unilateral MCDK bo…