Search results for "Mating"

Sex roles during conspecific territorial defence in the Zenaida dove, Zenaida aurita

2012

Social monogamy in vertebrates often involves the joint defence of an all-purpose territory by pair members. Although both sexes presumably benefit from holding a territory, sex-related variation is often observed in territory defence at the interspecific level, particularly in birds. Most studies of territorial defence in monogamous birds, however, have been conducted on songbirds or on bird species living in temperate areas. In contrast, data on nonoscine tropical bird species remain scarce. We experimentally studied territorial defence in 20 pairs of Zenaida doves, a tropical and territorial monogamous bird species that maintains year-round pair bonds. Overall, males responded to intrusi…

The role of females in influencing mating patterns

1993

Confrontation of cryptic diversity and mate discrimination within Gammarus pulex and Gammarus fossarum species complexes.

2014

16 pages; International audience; Freshwater amphipods Gammarus fossarum and Gammarus pulex are widespread in Europe, with some evidence of cryptic diversity in the former. We used DNA barcoding to assess genetic diversity within and among amphipod populations and examined mate discrimination and pre-copulatory pair formation between genetically divergent individuals. Eight distinct G. fossarum and four distinct G. pulex molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) were detected. Among the 33 amphipod populations sampled, 11 contained a single MOTU, 11 had two and 11 were composed of three sympatric MOTUs. Genetic divergences between sympatric MOTUs (G. fossarum and G. pulex MOTUs combined…

Modalités fonctionnelles et évolutives des parasitoses développées par les crabes Pinnotheridae aux dépens des échinides fouisseurs

2010

Ce travail s’est intéressé aux liens existant entre la stratégie d’exploitation développée par un crustacé ectoparasite et son comportement reproductif. Le crabe Pinnotheridae Dissodactylusprimitivus exploite deux espèces Spatangidae vivant dans la Mer des Caraïbes, Meomaventricosa et Plagiobrissus grandis. Des approches comportementales, démographiques etgénétiques ont été adoptées afin de mettre en lumière le fonctionnement et la biologie de cettesymbiose. Par son comportement alimentaire, le crabe occasionne des lésions tégumentairessur ses hôtes. Celles-ci affectent la fitness de M. ventricosa, au travers de son développementgonadique. Dissodactylus primitivus exploite ses deux espèces …

Biological causes of cornflower regression

2012

International audience; Agroecosystems are currently experiencing high biodiversity loss. This decline results from intensive cropping systems. However, not all the anciently present weeds respond similarly. There should be specific biological traits that render some species more prone to disappear from arable fields than others. Investigating the biological causes of regression could inform about management strategies in changing agricultural farming systems. In this report we focus on cornflower (Centaurea cyanus) that is an emblem of the flora associated with traditional cereals in Europe. It is currently disappearing from Western regions. Several traits were investigated as seed longevi…

Genetic basis of STEM occupational choice and regional economic performance : a UK biobank genome-wide association study

2023

Abstract Background Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professionals are regarded as the highly skilled labor force that fosters economic productivity, enterprise innovation, and international competitiveness of a country. This study aims to understand the genetic predisposition to STEM occupations and investigate its associations with regional economic performance. We conducted a genome-wide association study on the occupational choice of STEM jobs based on a sample of 178,976 participants from the UK Biobank database. Results We identified two genetic loci significantly associated with participants’ STEM job choices: rs10048736 on chromosome 2 and rs12903858 on chrom…

Intraspecific variation in mating behaviour does not cause sexual isolation between Drosophila virilis strains

2005

There is increasing evidence that mate recognition systems vary within species. We studied the courtship rituals of five Drosophila virilis strains to investigate this intraspecific variation. Males that actively and persistently courted the female without paying much attention to the female's behaviour were the most successful at copulating. Intraspecific variation in mating rituals was high, but not as high as at the species level and it was not high enough to cause sexual isolation between the strains. The differences in courtship interactions of the strains reflected their geographical origin. Males from one of the strains did not produce audible song during their courtship, but still m…

The evolutionary dynamics of adaptive virginity, sex-allocation and altruistic helping in haplodiploid animals

2018

In haplodiploids, females can produce sons from unfertilized eggs without mating. However, virgin reproduction is usually considered to be a result of a failure to mate, rather than an adaptation. Here, we build an analytical model for evolution of virgin reproduction, sex-allocation, and altruistic female helping in haplodiploid taxa. We show that when mating is costly (e.g., when mating increases predation risk), virginity can evolve as an adaptive female reproductive strategy. Furthermore, adaptive virginity results in strongly divergent sex-ratios in mated and virgin queen nests ("split sex ratios"), which promotes the evolution of altruistic helping by daughters in mated queen nests. H…

Many forms of the wood tiger moth (Parasemia plantaginis) : selective heterogeneity favours polymorphic warning signals

2013

Copulation duration, but not paternity share, potentially mediates inbreeding avoidance in Drosophila montana

2014

Studying the incidence of inbreeding avoidance is important for understanding the evolution of mating systems, especially in the context of mate choice for genetic compatibility. We investigated whether inbreeding avoidance mechanisms have evolved in the malt fly, Drosophila montana, by measuring mating latency (a measure of male attractiveness), copulation duration, days to remating, offspring production, and the proportion of offspring sired by the first (P1) and second (P2) male to mate in full-sibling and unrelated pairs. SNP markers were used for paternity analysis and for calculating pairwise relatedness values (genotype sharing) between mating pairs. We found 18 % inbreeding depressi…