Search results for "Member state"
showing 10 items of 110 documents
The OECD civil servant: Caught between Scylla and Charybdis1
2011
ABSTRACT Civil servants in international secretariats are exposed to numerous, cross-cutting and, at times, conflicting pressures and expectations. The secretariat of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is no different. This study reveals a fundamental ‘misfit’ between external demands and internal dynamics in the OECD Secretariat. On one hand, the OECD analysts are employed on the basis of merit. Compared to the employees in the central administrations in many OECD member states, the OECD personnel are very competitive in terms of experience and academic skills. Thus, the OECD Secretariat can be seen as a veritable powerhouse of idea generation, data collection…
National Preferences and the European Union Presidency: The Case of German Energy Policy towards Russia*
2011
This article analyses the formation and development of Member State preferences and positions before and during the European Union (EU) Presidency term. The empirical analysis focuses on the Federal Republic of Germany's policy concerning EU–Russian relations, especially regarding energy policy. The extent to which liberal intergovernmentalism (LI) furthers our understanding of state behaviour in the context of the EU Presidency is questioned. The findings suggest that LI adequately explains the formation of German positions prior to assuming office, as its policy objectives are chiefly influenced by domestic producers' interests. However, LI cannot satisfactorily account for German governm…
THE EUROPEAN SOCIAL ECONOMY: CONCEPT AND DIMENSIONS OF THE THIRD SECTOR
2008
ABSTRACT**: In recent years a new context has emerged in Europe characterized by a larger growing Europe, the creation of a new European platform for social economy named ‘Social Economy Europe’ and an improvement in research, networks and initiatives in this area from certain European Institutions such as the European Social and Economic Committee. This paper focuses on recurrent, but needing clarification, topics such as the question of definitions, the national recognition of the concept of Social Economy and the size of this European third sector. It begins with a proposition of a conceptual delimitation of the Social Economy and of the different classes of company and organization that…
Barriers to the Development of Regional Competitiveness in the Context of Regional Economies - EU, Latvia, Region Vidzeme Case Study
2020
Innovation potential and the creation of new knowledge, which is considered to be one of the main drivers of economic development, is particularly emphasized in region development [1, 2, 3]. However, in effect regions face significant barriers to the development of innovation and smart specialization. Despite strong institutional support impulses, the current contribution of regions to national competitiveness is debatable. As an example, the study analyses one of the regions of the EU Member State Latvia (Vidzeme), its contribution to national productivity and the main obstacles to the development of the region’s innovations - smart specialization. The results obtained in the context of a …
An introduction to Open Source software licensing and use in anaesthesia department
2007
EU member states are supporting the Open Source initiative suggesting the adoption of free software in government installation instead of commercial software. The latest national laws suggest adoption of Open Source solutions in educational structures as well, such as in schools and universities. It is clear that imprisoning knowledge with license fees does not allow any improvement nor any growth.
Selective collection of glass containers in the Valencian Community (Spain)
2000
Spanish legislation has recently adopted the norms defined by a directive of the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers, 20 December 1994, concerning containers and container residues. The purpose of the directive is to harmonize national measures for the processing of these products in member states. Thus, contributing to prevent or reduce their impact upon the environment both in the different member states and in third countries. To this effect, the directive requires the compliance within a given period of a series of recycling and processing objectives applicable to all the packaging and container materials on the market, including glass products. The aims of the present stu…
Working Environment in the New EU Member State of Lithuania: Examining a ‘Worst Case’ Example
2008
Using recent survey data from Lithuania, it is suggested that post-communist countries such as Lithuania, admittedly a 'worst case' example, have specific legacies of serious health and safety problems. On a range of general health and occupational safety and health indicators, some three years after joining the European Union, Lithuania is currently a poor performer, and on key indicators the poorest in the European Union. Yet, formally, Lithuania has comprehensive health and safety legislation in line with EU requirements. Survey data suggest, however, a work regime of intensification and an absence of a participative working environment in which employees have a 'voice' in the safety man…
From The Lisbon Strategy To Europe 2020
2015
Abstract The idea of a Western Europe economic recovery occurs after World War II. First as a common market, and later, after enlargement towards Central and Eastern Europe as the single internal market. Due to the new challenges with which the global economy was faced, the longterm and short-term European economy needs a coherent growth economic strategy; the success of this strategy depends on joint action. Expanding the European economy is a continuous and irreversible process, yet it advances too slowly. The Lisbon strategy is a commitment to revive the European economy in all sectors. At 5 years after implementation of this strategy it was found that the results are insufficient, so me…
Social exclusion and poverty in the European Union
2016
La política social siempre ha sido un pilar fundamental de la Unión Europea. La exclusión social y la pobreza son dos problemas interrelacionados cuyos efectos se pretenden reducir mediante la toma de medidas impulsadas por la Estrategia 2020. El estudio de los distintos factores que condicionan estas dinámicas y de las particularidades del territorio en cuestión permitirá evaluar los resultados obtenidos hasta el momento y realizar un balance de las medidas llevadas a cabo por la UE en sus Estados miembros. Social policy has always been a fundamental pillar of the European Union. Social exclusion and poverty are two problems interrelated whose effects are intended to be reduced by the Euro…
The Puzzle of the New European COMI Rules: Rethinking COMI in the Age of Multinational, Digital and Glocal Enterprises
2019
EU Regulation 2015/848 (Recast) laid down new rules on the debtor’s ‘centre of main interests’ (COMI) both to make it easier to determine international jurisdiction and to prevent a debtor from fraudulently relocating his/her/its COMI from one Member State to another. However, the terms of the litigation concerning the NIKI case and an in-depth analysis of the Recast demonstrate that this operation has been unsuccessful. This paper argues: first, that the new COMI rules contain logical and teleological flaws; secondly, that the prerequisite that the COMI ‘shall be the place […] which is ascertainable by third parties’ is a duplicate of the prerequisite ‘on a regular basis’; thirdly, that th…