Search results for "Member state"
showing 10 items of 110 documents
Research and Development Expenditures and Economic Growth in the EU: A Panel Data Analysis
2016
Abstract The main aim of the paper is to investigate the empirical relationship between research and development (R&D) expenditures and economic growth in the European Union member states in the period of 2000–2013. The empirical analysis is based on panel data regressions. The estimated model is the production function type standard growth model extended with R&D stock variable. The results show a statistically significant impact of R&D expenditures on the economic growth in the EU countries. The significance for R&D coefficient remains robust to different sub-periods, but the level of significance decreases as a sub-sample of new EU countries was considered.
Crisis, Continuity, and Change in European Union Institutions: An Introduction
2020
This section offers an overview of how EU institutions have been affected by crises and how they have coped with them. The section finds that EU institutions have responded to polycrisis mainly by “muddling through” based on familiar ways of governing and by introducing incremental changes, and in some cases, also heading forward with new institutional arrangements or structures. The section hardly finds evidence of institutional breakdown or even of minor reductions in the role of EU institutions—either vis-a-vis other EU institutions or vis-a-vis member state institutions. To the contrary—the EU institutions have proven to be resilient and able to deal with crises by drawing on their alre…
Crisis and EU Foreign and Security Policy: An Introduction
2020
This chapter sums up the main findings in the four papers discussing the impact of various external crises on the development of the EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy, the CFSP. Chapters discuss the EU’s foreign and security policy responses to the Russian annexation of Crimea and the ongoing war in Ukraine, the EU’s crisis management capacities, and the impact of crises on EU–US relations. Despite member states’ traditional reluctance to integrate further in this domain of EU policy, the CFSP is not breaking down. Instead, all the chapters suggest that the EU is able to cope with crises and that overall, crises and increased uncertainty have led to a strengthening of the CFSP mainly …
Science in space vs space science: The European utilisation of spacelab∗
1999
Abstract Spacelab is the conventional name given to a manned laboratory to be carried onboard NASA's Space Shuttle, which was built in Europe under the aegis of the European Space Agency (ESA). This paper deals with the initiatives undertaken in Europe to establish a utilisation programme for Spacelab, in particular for its first flight, planned as a joint ESA/NASA demonstration mission. Two main factors will be discussed, which prevented ESA from establishing a sizeable Spacelab utilisation effort. Firstly, owing to the cost escalation of the Spacelab development programme and to NASA's charging policy for access to the Shuttle system, which did not foressee any preferential treatment to E…
The Long Route Towards a Widespread European Culture of Alternatives to Immigration Detention
2016
The aim of this article is to provide an analysis of the application by some European Union countries of alternative measures to detention of migrants. Sections 2 and 3 indicate, in line with European normatives and with detention being a measure of last resort, that Member States having ascertained that there are grounds for the detention of migrants, should evaluate whether the aims pursued can be achieved through a less coercive measure which respects the fundamental rights of individuals. Unfortunately, as examined in Section 4, analysis of most European countries’ law reveals an unsatisfactory application of alternative measures to detention. As in, for example, Italy’s case, whose leg…
The need for harmonizing methodologies for assessing soil threats in Europe
2010
Central to the EU thematic strategy for soil protection is that areas affected by soil degradation through erosion, soil organic matter (SOM) decline, compaction, salinization and landslides should be identified in a clear and consistent way. However, the current methodologies to achieve this often differ and this can result in different perceptions of risks amongst EU Member States. The aims of this paper are to: (i) assess the current status of assessment methodologies in Europe (EU27) associated with erosion, SOM decline, compaction, salinization and landslides and (ii) discuss the issues associated with harmonization of these methodologies throughout the EU27. The need for harmonization…
International Bankruptcy in Spain
2011
International Bankruptcy Law is a very trendy topic. Many countries have reformed their national Acts seeking to adapt them to the current economic situation. Also Spain did this some years ago. The New Spanish Bankruptcy Act of 2003 includes some rules on International Bankruptcy. These rules are directly linked to the EU Regulation on cross-border insolvency and depend on it. The article analyze in depth solutions embodied in the Act and their -not always easy- relationship with the Regulation. Something that happens in some other EU Member States.
EU external policy at the crossroads: The challenge of actorness and effectiveness
2013
The goal of this Special Issue is to improve our conceptualisation and empirical understanding of EU actorness and effectiveness in International Relations. While the European Union aspires to play a greater global role, its actorness and effectiveness cannot be taken for granted given the nature of the EU as a multi-level and semi-supranational polity encompassing 28 Member States with diverse foreign policy preferences. The EU is presently at an important crossroad. On the one hand, its external policy stature and capacity have been boosted by institutional innovations and by the Union’s increased involvement in the full spectrum of international issues. On the other hand, a number of fa…
The European Union in a Changing World Order: What Is at Stake?
2019
This introductory chapter aims to shed light on how tightly the EU and the liberal international order are entwined and discuss the likely impact on the EU of a changing and, most likely, less liberal world order. The chapter discusses the concept of order in international politics and analyses how the liberal order that emerged after WWII has effected the development of the EU. The chapter introduces the book’s interdisciplinary, holistic approach, and discusses how a changing world order is affecting the EU and how the EU, in turn, is trying to shape the emerging new order by recalibrating its policies and actions in various domains, ranging from its relations with the rest of the world, …
Enhancing citizen response to crises through communication : investigating expert views
2015
The purpose of this paper is to clarify how citizen response to crises is currently being enhanced, and how it might be increased, by emergency response organisations in member states of the European Union via communication strategies and tools. Data were gathered via an online questionnaire directed at emergency management and crisis communication experts working in the field of crisis response. The experts were drawn from the database of an international conference. The results indicate that while the importance of involving citizens in crisis response is generally acknowledged, the implementation of such activities is often fragmented. Although some initiatives are under way, coherent st…