Search results for "Member states"
showing 10 items of 73 documents
An introduction to Open Source software licensing and use in anaesthesia department
2007
EU member states are supporting the Open Source initiative suggesting the adoption of free software in government installation instead of commercial software. The latest national laws suggest adoption of Open Source solutions in educational structures as well, such as in schools and universities. It is clear that imprisoning knowledge with license fees does not allow any improvement nor any growth.
Selective collection of glass containers in the Valencian Community (Spain)
2000
Spanish legislation has recently adopted the norms defined by a directive of the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers, 20 December 1994, concerning containers and container residues. The purpose of the directive is to harmonize national measures for the processing of these products in member states. Thus, contributing to prevent or reduce their impact upon the environment both in the different member states and in third countries. To this effect, the directive requires the compliance within a given period of a series of recycling and processing objectives applicable to all the packaging and container materials on the market, including glass products. The aims of the present stu…
Social exclusion and poverty in the European Union
2016
La política social siempre ha sido un pilar fundamental de la Unión Europea. La exclusión social y la pobreza son dos problemas interrelacionados cuyos efectos se pretenden reducir mediante la toma de medidas impulsadas por la Estrategia 2020. El estudio de los distintos factores que condicionan estas dinámicas y de las particularidades del territorio en cuestión permitirá evaluar los resultados obtenidos hasta el momento y realizar un balance de las medidas llevadas a cabo por la UE en sus Estados miembros. Social policy has always been a fundamental pillar of the European Union. Social exclusion and poverty are two problems interrelated whose effects are intended to be reduced by the Euro…
A new and controversial scenario in the gathering of evidence at the European level: The proposal for a directive on the European investigation order
2014
In April 2010 a group of EU Member States proposed a Directive on the European Investigation Order, an instrument which, if adopted, will significantly change the way in which evidence is gathered at the EU level. After the failure of the EEW, which focused on the exchange of evidence which had already been gathered, the objective of the new text is to create a single instrument for obtaining all kinds of evidence located in another Member State. The aim of this paper is to examine, within the current framework, the suitability of this new instrument, with particular reference to its impact on the rights of defendants.
Policy on palliative care in the WHO European region: an overview of progress since the Council of Europe’s (2003) recommendation 24
2015
Background: With the goal of achieving greater unity and coherence, the Council of Europe developed a national palliative care (PC) policy framework—Recommendation (2003) 24. Although directed at member states, the policy spread to the wider World Health Organisation (WHO) European Region. This article aims to present the current situation relating to national PC health policies in European countries. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 53 European countries of the WHO European Region. Relevant data reported (i) the existence of official documents concerning the provision of PC; (ii) the role of health departments and policymakers in the evaluation of PC provision and (iii) t…
Study on the Evolution of Defense Expenses in Nato Member States for the Period 2010–2020. “Free Rider” behavior among Allies
2021
Abstract This paper proposes a longitudinal study on the analysis of defense spending of NATO member states in the years 2010-2020. It also aims to identify the emergence of a possible “free-rider” behavior among alliance members. This behavior occurs when some members may be tempted to allocate a low level of defense spending. Defense spending is an important component of each state’s budget, which ensures a vital function of states, namely the national defense function. When the defense is carried out in military-type alliances, and the number of members is large, there is an increased possibility of observing a “free-rider” type behavior between the members of the alliances. To observe t…
Media effects on policy preferences toward free movement: evidence from five EU member states
2020
In a time when freedom of movement is being challenged by an increasing number of European Union member states, and where immigration has been dominating public debate for years, this study investi...
Indirect Protection System
2014
As it was characterised in Chap. 5 of this book, protection of IGOs in the EU law consists of two protection systems: the direct protection system and the indirect protection system. If the first protection system is generally ensured through the applicable Regulations that are applicable without their further transposition into the national law of EU Member States, the other one is generally ensured through directives to be further transposed into the national law of EU Member States.
The governments' doctors: the roles and responsibilities of chief medical officers in the European Union.
2010
The regular meetings of the chief medical officers (CMOs) from the European Union's (EU's) 27 Member States provide an important forum to address issues of common interest affecting Europe's populations. Yet there is no universally agreed role for a CMO. This article describes the findings of a study, based on interviews with key informants and documentary analysis that sought to describe their diverse roles. For the purpose of this article, CMOs are defined as those sent by their governments to the regular EU meetings of CMOs. Four broad categories of countries were identified: those whose CMO is the most senior doctor in the health ministry, in some cases with responsibility spanning all …
Research and Development Expenditures and Economic Growth in the EU: A Panel Data Analysis
2016
Abstract The main aim of the paper is to investigate the empirical relationship between research and development (R&D) expenditures and economic growth in the European Union member states in the period of 2000–2013. The empirical analysis is based on panel data regressions. The estimated model is the production function type standard growth model extended with R&D stock variable. The results show a statistically significant impact of R&D expenditures on the economic growth in the EU countries. The significance for R&D coefficient remains robust to different sub-periods, but the level of significance decreases as a sub-sample of new EU countries was considered.