Search results for "Memory."

The effect of adult-acquired hippocampal damage on memory retrieval: an fMRI study.

2005

Bilateral hippocampal pathology typically results in significant memory problems. Despite apparently similar structural damage, patients with such lesions can differ in the pattern of impairment and preservation of memory functions. Previously, an fMRI study of a developmental amnesic patient whose anoxic hippocampal damage was incurred perinatally revealed his residual hippocampal tissue to be active during memory retrieval. This hippocampal activity was apparent during the retrieval of personal and general facts relative to a control task. In this study, we used a similar fMRI paradigm to investigate whether residual hippocampal activation was present also in patient VC with adult-acquire…

The utility of the recognition memory test and the graded naming test in monitoring neurological patients

2007

Objectives. Repeated neuropsychological assessments are often used to monitor cognitive changes in neurological patients. In this study we document: test-retest reliability (TRR), group changes in performance and measures of intra-subject variability for two commonly used cognitive tests. Design. A large sample of neurological patients with either acute or degenerative neurological damage, and relatively static cognitive profiles, were retrospectively selected if they had been administered twice either the Recognition Memory Test (RMT) and/or the Graded Naming Test (GNT) within a 2-year interval. Results. Overall, the TRR of the RMT was reasonable in both patient groups, although slightly b…

Memory function after resolution of post traumatic amnesia

2005

Primary objectives: The aims of this pilot study were (1) to examine neuropsychological, particularly memory functions immediately after post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) resolution according to the Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test (GOAT), and (2) to provide a preliminary exploration of pattern of performance on GOAT items across PTA duration. Methods and procedures: Thirty-seven head injured patients were administered the Recognition Memory Tests on the day that PTA resolved. Formal neuropsychological assessment was conducted on average 10 days after PTA resolution. Main outcomes and results: All the patients in the series showed memory impairment which varied in severity but was typicall…

Evaluating the role of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on recognition memory with rTMS: evidence from healthy subjects and neurological patients

2010

Converging evidence from functional imaging and lesion studies suggested that a distributed neural network comprising the hippocampal formation, medial and lateral parietal regions as well as the prefrontal cortex is involved in episodic memory. Some findings suggested that successful memory formation requires the coordinated modulation of neural activity among these different cortical areas. It appears particularly important to understand the functional interactions between these regions during memory processes. My talk will be focused on the prefrontal contribution to verbal and non-verbal recognition memory and to familiarity and recollection processes. New evidence will be provided and …

The role of the prefrontal cortex in familiarity and recollection processes during verbal and non verbal recognition memory: a rTMS study

Neuroimaging and lesion studies have documented the involvement of the frontal lobes in recognition memory. However, the precise nature of prefrontal contributions to verbal and non verbal memory and to familiarity and recollection processes remains unclear. The aim of the current rTMS study was to investigate for the first time the role of the DLPFC in encoding and retrieval of non verbal and verbal memoranda and its contribution to recollection and familiarity processes. Recollection and familiarity processes were studied using the ROC and unequal variance signal detection methodologies. We found that rTMS delivered over left and right DLPFC at encoding resulted in material specific later…

Mind, brain and altered states of consciousness

2018

The consciousness is the expression of an enormous and complex variety of neurobiological events, phenomenological and psychological that, from the early stages of development, prepare the emergence soil of the Self. It is a complex of tangible and intan- gible characters distinct from one another - neural infrastructure, awareness, temporality, qualitative subjectivity, intentionality - to such an extent as to seem welded faces of the same prism. Consciousness is not a simple function of the mind, but its organization. In this paper we intend to show how its order is not strictly hierarchical, but sustained by multiple horizontal levels, each of which in a structural and functional continu…

Metamemoria

2019

La memoria ha una rilevanza indiscutibile nei processi di apprendimento, in quanto ci permette di assimilare, ritenere e richiamare ciò che abbiamo appreso tramite l’esperienza e, su questa base, organizzare le nuove informazioni e conoscenze. In particolare, la memoria di lavoro (ML), in stretta connessione con quella a breve termine, ci permette di usare le informazioni immagazzinate temporaneamente per l’esecuzione di compiti cognitivi complessi. La ricerca ha inoltre dimostrato che buoni livelli di ML si correlano a un apprendimento efficace.Rivolto a bambini e ragazzi dai 6 ai 13 anni, Metamemoria rappresenta una proposta efficace e accattivante per il potenziamento della memoria nelle…

Phenotypic and Immunometabolic Aspects on Stem Cell Memory and Resident Memory CD8+ T Cells

2022

The immune system, smartly and surprisingly, saves the exposure of a particular pathogen in its memory and reacts to the pathogen very rapidly, preventing serious diseases.Immunologists have long been fascinated by understanding the ability to recall and respond faster and more vigorously to a pathogen, known as “memory”.T-cell populations can be better described by using more sophisticated techniques to define phenotype, transcriptional and epigenetic signatures and metabolic pathways (single-cell resolution), which uncovered the heterogeneity of the memory T-compartment. Phenotype, effector functions, maintenance, and metabolic pathways help identify these different subsets. Here, we exam…

Impact of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection on Human B Cell Compartment and Antibody Responses

2022

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most important health challenges worldwide. Control of the TB epidemic has not yet been achieved because of the lack of an effective vaccine and rapid and sensitive diagnostic approaches, as well as the emergence of drug-resistant forms of M. tuberculosis. Cellular immunity has a pivotal role against M. tuberculosis infection, but the role of humoral immunity is still controversial. We analyzed the frequency, absolute counts, and phenotypic and functional subsets of B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with active TB and subjects with latent infection compared to healthy donors. Moreover, we analyzed serum levels of total Ig and their IgA, I…

The Abundance of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ Tissue Resident Memory T Lymphocytes Correlates with Patient Survival in Glioblastoma

2022

Glial tumors alone account for 40% of all CNS tumors and present a low survival rate. The tumor microenvironment is a critical regulator of tumor progression and therapeutic effectiveness in glioma. Growing evidence from numerous studies of human solid tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) T cells indicates that tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) represent a substantial subpopulation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Although it is reported that some types of cancer patients with high immune infiltration tend to have better outcomes than patients with low immune infiltration, it seems this does not happen in gliomas. This study aimed to characterize TRMs cells in the glioma tumor microenviron…