Search results for "Memory"
showing 10 items of 2004 documents
Using visual strategies to support verbal comprehension in an adolescent with Down syndrome
2011
International audience; It has been frequently reported that children with Down syndrome have deficits in verbal short-term memory while having relatively good performance in visual short-term memory tasks. Such verbal deficits have a detrimental effect on various high-level cognitive processes, most notably language comprehension. In this study, we report the case of an adolescent with Down syndrome whose verbal short-term memory and comprehension capacities are impaired. Noting that his visual memory remained relatively well preserved, we developed a remediation strategy based on his visual abilities to support his verbal memory deficit. This remediation led to significant improvements in…
The simultaneous development of receptive skills in an orthographically transparent second language
2014
Learning to read in an orthographically very shallow language may seem easy. However, for adults who are non-literate in their first language (L1), have no experience of formal education, and have to acquire literacy in a new language (L2), learning to read at all can be a formidable task. In this article, the results of a case study of the outcome of the first 10 months of Finnish literacy training for five immigrant women (24–45 years of age) are presented. Relationships are sought between the participants' achieved reading skills, their oral receptive vocabulary, their knowledge of letters, their phonological working memory and their visual memory. The results of the study show that even…
Two maintenance mechanisms of verbal information in working memory
2009
Abstract The present study evaluated the interplay between two mechanisms of maintenance of verbal information in working memory, namely articulatory rehearsal as described in Baddeley’s model, and attentional refreshing as postulated in Barrouillet and Camos’s Time-Based Resource-Sharing (TBRS) model. In four experiments using complex span paradigm, we manipulated the degree of articulatory suppression and the attentional load of the processing component to affect orthogonally the two mechanisms of maintenance. In line with previous neurophysiological evidence reported in the literature, behavioral results suggest that articulatory rehearsal and attentional refreshing are two independent m…
Delays of retention, processing efficiency, and attentional resources in working memory span development
2004
Working memory span tasks require participants to maintain items in short-term memory while performing some concurrent processing (e.g., reading, counting, or problem solving). The present series of experiments contrasted two models of the development of working memory spans in children. Is this development mainly due to faster completion of the processing component in older children, as Towse and Hitch (1995) suggested, or is it due to resource-related phenomena such as increased processing efficiency and a greater amount of available cognitive resources? Using new computer-paced working memory span tasks that allow a careful control of processing duration, we demonstrate that the cognitiv…
Developmental Increase in Working Memory Span: Resource Sharing or Temporal Decay?
2001
Working memory span tasks require participants to maintain items in short-term memory while performing some concurrent processing (e.g., reading, counting, and problem solving). It has been suggested that the difficulty of these tasks results either from the necessity of sharing a limited resource pool between processing and storage (Case’s cognitive space hypothesis) or from the fact that the memory traces suffer from a temporal decay while the concurrent task is being performed (Towse and Hitch’s memory decay hypothesis). We tested these two hypotheses by comparing children’s performance in tasks in which the processing component always had the same duration but varied in cognitive cost (…
Crossing stages. Argentine trauma in Spanish theater: Raúl Hernández Garrido’s Si un día me olvidaras
2016
En la primera parte del presente artículo se propone un breve repaso sobre el impacto de la dictadura argentina, teniendo en cuenta el contexto latinoamericano. En el mismo apartado se introduce la importancia del teatro de la masacre como manifestación del trauma histórico y se retoma la figura de Eduardo Pavlosky, en tanto precursor de una dramaturgia que enfrenta al espectador con los crímenes de lesa humanidad. En la segunda parte del estudio se analiza Si un día me olvidaras (Raúl Hernández Garrido) a partir de tres figuras que se construyen como constantes en otras representaciones del pasado reciente en Argentina: los vuelos de la muerte, los centros clandestinos de detención y la ap…
“It is alive!” Evidence for animacy effects in semantic categorization and lexical decision
2019
AbstractAnimacy is one of the basic semantic features of word meaning and influences perceptual and episodic memory processes. However, evidence that this variable also influences lexicosemantic processing is mixed. As animacy is a semantic variable thought to have evolutionary roots, we first examined its influence in a semantic categorization task that did not make the animacy dimension salient, namely, concrete-abstract categorization. Animates were categorized faster (and more accurately) than inanimates. We then assessed the influence of animacy in two lexical decision experiments. In Experiment 2, we mostly used legal nonwords, whereas in Experiment 3, we varied the context of the non…
W poszukiwaniu austronostalgii w czeskiej pamięci subiektywnej
2020
Głównym tematem artykułu jest obecność lub brak austronostalgii w wypowiedziach subiektywnych. Materiałem źródłowym są eseje czeskiego autora Lubomíra Martínka oraz wspomnienia przedstawicieli 13 przeciętnych przypadkowych czeskich rodzin. Refleksje autora koncentrują się z jednej strony na braku austronostalgii w tych subiektywnych świadectwach, a z drugiej na przyczynach tej nieobecności. Pierwsza z nich nawiązuje do teorii Cathrin Horel, że kraje dobrze rozwinięte, które nie zawdzięczają swojego postępu monarchii Habsburgów, bardzo szybko zapomniały o wspólnej przeszłości. Druga dotyczy czeskiego dyskursu odrodzeniowego w XIX wieku, którego głównym celem było uniezależnienie się od imper…
Los diferentes «tiempos» en Bourrasque de Hélène Lenoir
2011
Hélène Lenoir présente dans Bourrasque, le premier de ses romans, une vision du temps particulière et caractéristique de son univers romanesque. A travers différentes techniques stylistiques, le temps abstrait et chronologique de l’histoire se transforme en temps expérimenté et vécu par le personnage principal. Dans Bourrasque le temps se manifeste en tant qu’expérience personnelle d’un personnage qui réfléchit à propos de son passé (mémoire), qui observe le présent (vision) et qui pense le futur (projection). Hélène Lenoir presents in the first of her novels, Bourrasque, a distinctive and characteristic vision of time within her fictional universe. Through various stylistic techniques, the…
More than a cat: Reflections on Shalamov’s and Solzhenitsyn’s writings through the perspective of trauma studies
2021
The article presents the first larger study of the impact of trauma on Gulag writings