Search results for "Mental disorders"

Effects of PEEP on Residual Vascularization in Oesophageal Substitution Gastroplasty by Surface Oximetry-Capnometry and Photoplethysmography

2003

<i>Objective:</i> To evaluate the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on residual vascularization in gastric tubes for oesophageal replacement. <i>Design:</i> Experimental open study. <i>Materials:</i> Eleven mongrel dogs. <i>Methods:</i> Intestinal parietal blood flow was evaluated by photoplethysmography (PPG) and measurement of surface oxygen (PsO<sub>2</sub>) and carbon dioxide (PsCO<sub>2</sub>) tensions under basal conditions. After Akiyama’s tubular gastroplasty, three levels of PEEP were administered. At each level, fluids were infused to counter the drop in cardiac output. PPG, surface gas tensio…

Prenatal testosterone of progenitors could be involved in the etiology of both anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum disorders of their offspring

2014

Objectives High intrauterine testosterone (T) levels seem to play a role in the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), but their role in anorexia nervosa (AN) is controversial. Parents with masculinized 2D:4D ratios, a marker of the organizational effects of T, may have other relevant biological characteristics, in particular exposing their offspring to high T levels in the prenatal environment. This would increase the likelihood of their offspring developing these disorders. Methods The present study examined whether parents of offspring with AN (n=34; mean age= 51) and ASD (n=36; mean age=45) differ from control parents (n=40; mean age=43) in 2D:4D ratio, as well as by salivary …

Unmet needs in the management of schizophrenia

2014

Studies on unmet needs during the last decades have played a significant role in the development and dissemination of evidence-based community practices for persistent schizophrenia and other severe mental disorders. This review has thoroughly considered several blocks of unmet needs, which are frequently related to schizophrenic disorders. Those related to health have been the first block to be considered, in which authors have examined the frequent complications and comorbidities found in schizophrenia, such as substance abuse and dual diagnosis. A second block has been devoted to psychosocial and economic needs, especially within the field of recovery of the persistently mentally ill. Wi…

Reply: Sensory profile in primary restless legs syndrome and restless legs syndrome associated with small fibre neuropathy

2010

Sir, We wish to thank the editor for giving us the opportunity to respond to this letter. We appreciated reading that Drs Gemignani and Vitetta think our study (Bachmann et al. , 2010) provides support for the differential diagnosis of primary and secondary restless legs syndrome (RLS) associated with small fibre neuropathy, when comparing the sensory profiles of these groups of patients for the first time. Dr Gemignani recently wrote ‘A general consensus on the proposed criteria for the diagnosis of small fibre neuropathy has not been established’ (Gemignani, 2010 b ). This already applies for small fibre neuropathy without complicating RLS; however, for the constellation of RLS with small…

PND23 Economic Burden of Illness for Persons With Spina Bifida (SB) in Germany

2012

A time-geographic approach for visualizing the paths of intervention for persons with severe mental illness

2017

Living conditions for persons with severe mental illness (SMI) in Sweden have changed dramatically in recent decades, mainly due to the closure of mental hospitals in the 1990s and the subsequent d ...

Knowledge of neurologists and gynaecologists regarding reproductive and maternity issues in women with epilepsy

2018

Background: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, with more than 400,000 individuals in Poland (about 1% of the population) affected. Epilepsy complicates approximately 0.5% of pregnancies. Objective: To determine the level of knowledge that neurologists and gynaecologists have about reproductive and maternity issues for women with epilepsy. Material and methods: This study included 141 neurologists and physicians undergoing specialist training in neurology as well as 72 gynaecologists and physicians undergoing specialist training in gynaecology. A validated questionnaire was used to survey these neurologists and gynaecologists, who worked in Silesia Province. Results: …

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder medication use: factors involved in prescribing, safety aspects and outcomes

2016

While treatment of patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is based on a multimodal approach that combines medication with specific psychological interventions, pharmacotherapy alone is generally considered an essential and cost-effective element. This paper aims to comprehensively and critically review factors involved in prescribing and medication use in individuals diagnosed with ADHD, focusing on the difficulties facing patients with ADHD seeking treatment, as well as the safety and tolerability aspects of ADHD pharmacotherapies, with particular attention on the cardiovascular adverse events and the potential risk of misuse or diversion of ADHD medications. A comp…

Delirium Assessment in Older People in Emergency Departments. A Literature Review.

2018

Delirium is a neuropsychiatric syndrome often manifesting in acute disease conditions, and with a greater prevalence in the older generation. Delirium in the Emergency Department (ED) is a highly prevalent problem that typically goes unnoticed by healthcare providers. The onset of a delirium episode in the ED is associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality. Because delirium is a preventable syndrome, these statistics are unacceptable. Emergency Department staff therefore should strive to perform systematic screening in order to detect delirium. Different tools have been developed for the assessment of delirium by healthcare professionals other than psychiatrists or geriatricians. …

Directional Control Mechanisms in Multidirectional Step Initiating Tasks.

2020

Typical anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) in forward gait or step initiation tasks to prepare for possible disturbances caused by prime voluntary movements and to accelerate the body forward have been previously reported. However, it is not clear how wide the variations in step directions are differentiated and controlled in non-forward step initiation tasks during the APA phase. The main goal of this study is to explain the directional control mechanisms by investigating the APA of step initiation tasks in forward, diagonal, lateral, and posterior directions. The center of pressure (COP) trajectories and related muscle (soleus, tibialis anterior, and gluteus medius of both lower lim…