Search results for "Mesenchymal Stem Cell"
showing 10 items of 399 documents
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Lung Cancer: Mechanisms and Molecular Targets
2019
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common idiopathic interstitial pulmonary disease with a median survival of 2–4 years after diagnosis. A significant number of IPF patients have risk factors, such as a history of smoking or concomitant emphysema, both of which can predispose the patient to lung cancer (LC) (mostly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)). In fact, IPF itself increases the risk of LC development by 7% to 20%. In this regard, there are multiple common genetic, molecular, and cellular processes that connect lung fibrosis with LC, such as myofibroblast/mesenchymal transition, myofibroblast activation and uncontrolled proliferation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, alterat…
Leptin and TGF-β1 Downregulate PREP1 Expression in Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Mature Adipocytes
2021
International audience; Adipose tissue is widely recognized as an extremely active endocrine organ producing adipokines as leptin that bridge metabolism and the immune system. Pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox (Pbx)-regulating protein-1 (PREP1) is a ubiquitous homeodomain transcription factor involved in the adipogenic differentiation and insulin-sensitivity processes. Leptin, as pleiotropic adipokine, and TGF-β, known to be expressed by primary pre-adipocytes [adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs)] and mature differentiated adipocytes, modulate inflammatory responses. We aimed to assess for the first time if leptin and TGF-β interfere with PREP1 expression in both ASCs and mature differentiated adi…
Potential therapeutic uses of intraoral mesenchymal stem cells in other tissues of the body: A review
2020
Background Over the last few years, there has been a great advance in regenerative medicine, with various studies that have observed the ability to repair or regenerate dysfunctional tissues with the patient's own cells, such as with mesenchymal cells. In this area, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the oral cavity have attracted attention because of their easy access and multiple cellular differentiations. Multiple studies have shown the various clinical applications at the intraoral level, especially at the level of bone regeneration, but the potential applications of oral MSC at a systemic level have been scarcely described. Objective: The objective of this review was to describe the po…
Oral tissues regeneration using intraoral mesenchymal stem cells
2021
Background Oral pathologies or some treatments can cause facial and functional alterations, being fundament to retrieve those functions restoring the original anatomy of the lost tissues. On this purpose, various techniques have been studied, one of these was the tissue engineering. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent adult stem cells. The MSC in the oral cavity have been striking for regenerative therapies by its high plasticity, good interaction with scaffolds and growth factors, good proliferation and differentiation, they are also easy to obtain. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the current uses of the intraoral MSC for the regeneration of the tissues of t…
Growth and Osteogenic Differentiation of Discarded Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on a Commercial Scaffold
2020
Background In periodontal patients with jawbone resorption, the autologous bone graft is considered a "gold standard" procedure for the placing of dental prosthesis; however, this procedure is a costly intervention and poses the risk of clinical complications. Thanks to the use of adult mesenchymal stem cells, smart biomaterials, and active biomolecules, regenerative medicine and bone tissue engineering represent a valid alternative to the traditional procedures. Aims In the past, mesenchymal stem cells isolated from periodontally compromised gingiva were considered a biological waste and discarded during surgical procedures. This study aims to test the osteoconductive activity of FISIOGRAF…
Lymphatic Endothelial Cells Control Initiation of Lymph Node Organogenesis
2017
Lymph nodes (LNs) are strategically situated throughout the body at junctures of the blood vascular and lymphatic systems to direct immune responses against antigens draining from peripheral tissues. The current paradigm describes LN development as a programmed process that is governed through the interaction between mesenchymal lymphoid tissue organizer (LTo) cells and hematopoietic lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells. Using cell-type-specific ablation of key molecules involved in lymphoid organogenesis, we found that initiation of LN development is dependent on LTi-cell-mediated activation of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and that engagement of mesenchymal stromal cells is a succeedi…
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Glycometabolism and Liver Regeneration in the Treatment of Post-hepatectomy Liver Failure
2019
Background The mortality rate of post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) remains very high, and liver transplantation is the only effective treatment regimen for PHLF. Cell transplantation is a potential treatment for liver diseases. Previous studies have proved that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory functions. In the present study, we found that MSCs promoted glycogen synthesis and liver regeneration in the treatment of PHLF. MSC transplantation also improved the survival rate of rats after 90% partial hepatectomy (PH). In our current study, we aimed to determine the efficacy and mechanism of MSC transplantation in the treatment of PHLF. Methods Mesenchymal stem cells were …
Amorphous polyphosphate–hydroxyapatite: A morphogenetically active substrate for bone-related SaOS-2 cells in vitro
2015
There is increasing evidence that inorganic calcium-polyphosphates (polyP) are involved in human bone hydroxyapatite (HA) formation. Here we investigated the morphology of the particles, containing calcium phosphate (CaP) with different concentrations of various Na-polyP concentrations, as well as their effects in cell culture. We used both SaOS-2 cells and human mesenchymal stem cells. The polymeric phosphate readily binds calcium ions under formation of insoluble precipitates. We found that addition of low concentrations of polyP (10wt.%, referred to the CaP deposits) results in an increased size of the HA crystals. Surprisingly, at higher polyP concentrations (10wt.%) the formation of cr…
The Immunomodulatory Properties of the Human Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells Are Induced by INF-γ Produced by Activated Lymphomonocytes…
2020
Human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), being immunoprivileged and having immunomodulatory ability, represent a promising tool to be applied in the field of regenerative medicine. Based on numerous in vitro evidences, the immunological effects of MSCs on immune cells could depend on different mechanisms as cell-to-cell contact and paracrine signals. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that the immunomodulatory activity of MSCs is initiated by activated immune cells; thus, their interaction represents a potential homeostatic mechanism by which MSCs regulate the immune response. MSCs also release exosomes able to give different effects, in a paracrine manner, by influencing inflammato…
Functional characterization of a novel 3D model of the epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit
2017
Background/Aim: Epithelial-mesenchymal communication plays a key role in tissue homeostasis and abnormal signaling contributes to chronic airways disease such as COPD. Most in vitro models are limited in complexity and poorly represent this epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit. We postulated that cellular outgrowth from bronchial tissue would enable development of a mucosal structure that recapitulates better in vivo tissue architecture. Materials and Methods: Bronchial tissue was embedded in Matrigel and outgrowth cultures monitored using time-lapse microscopy, electrical resistance, light and electron microscopy. Cultures were challenged repetitively with cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Res…