Search results for "Mesenchymal"

Current Perspectives on Adult Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Biological Features and Clinical Indications.

2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) constitute one of the main mechanisms by which cells communicate with the surrounding tissue or at distance. Vesicle secretion is featured by most cell types, and adult mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) of different tissue origins have shown the ability to produce them. In recent years, several reports disclosed the molecular composition and suggested clinical indications for EVs derived from adult MSCs. The parental cells were already known for their roles in different disease settings in regulating inflammation, immune modulation, or transdifferentiation to promote cell repopulation. Interestingly, most reports also suggested that part of the properties of pare…

ADIPOSE TISSUE-TARGETED STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION FOR INSULIN RESISTANCE-RELATED CNS DEFICITS

Compelling evidence indicates that Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) may possibly share a common pathological origin, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. T2D is a known risk factor for AD and insulin resistance (hallmark of T2D) has been extensively documented in AD patients. Notably, insulin is important for learning and memory due to its role in LTP and LTD modulation. Adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction is a risk factor for T2D, in fact elevated levels of free fatty acids are prodromal to insulin resistance and have been reported in AD brains, as well. In this study, I used a mouse model (AtENPP1Tg mouse) that recapitulates typical characteristics of huma…

Expression levels of PTHrP splicing variants and PTHrP promoter methylation states in differentiating mesenchymal stem cells

2012

Biological characterization of Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA)/Hydroxyapatite (HA)/Bioglass (BG) composite scaffolds made by Thermally Induced Phase Separa…

In the last few years, Tissue Engineering has focused on the favourable effects that composite scaffolds have on cell adhesion, growth and differentiation. In fact, composite scaffolds, usually composed of a synthetic polymer supplemented with naturally occurring components, display superior mechanical properties and bioconductivity than scaffolds consisting of a single component. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is the major inorganic component of bones. Bioglass (BG) is known to exert stimulatory effects on cells by ion release and hence, could be also advantageous for Bone Tissue Engineering. Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) is a versatile synthetic polymer combinable with HA and BG. The aim of this work wa…

OBTAINING MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS FROM ADIPOSE TISSUE OR MURIN ORIGIN: EXPERIMENTAL STUDY.

2014

The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize rat adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (AD-MSCs) in order to evaluate their proliferative potential and their ability to different cell types. AD-MSCs and Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs) have the same characteristic in terms of plasticity. The advantage of adipose tissue is that it is an easier accessible source and it offers a large amount of MSCs by less invasive surgical tecniques. MSCs were obtained from subcutaneous adipose tissue of Wistar rats. first of all microbiological controls were made to exclude the presence of bacteria of fungi in then tissue. Adipose tissue was mechanically and enzimatically fragmented and st…

Non-coding RNAs and other determinants of neuroinflammation and endothelial dysfunction: regulation of gene expression in the acute phase of ischemic…

2021

Ischemic stroke occurs under a variety of clinical conditions and has different pathogeneses, resulting in necrosis of brain parenchyma. Stroke pathogenesis is characterized by neuroinflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Some of the main processes triggered in the early stages of ischemic damage are the rapid activation of resident inflammatory cells (microglia, astrocytes and endothelial cells), inflammatory cytokines, and translocation of intercellular nuclear factors. Inflammation in stroke includes all the processes mentioned above, and it consists of either protective or detrimental effects concerning the “polarization” of these processes. This polarization comes out from the intera…

NUTRITION IN IBD PATIENTS

2013

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder characterized by a relapsing-remitting course, which alternates between active and quiescent states, ultimately impairing a patients' quality of life.The two main types of IBD are Crohn's disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). CD Shows a transmural granulomatous inflammation that can involve any segment of the intestine affecting all layers of the intestinal wall, while UC is limited to the mucosa and superficial submucosa of the colon. In physiological conditions the gut is costantly exposed to various antigens, commensal microflora and pathogens and the inflammatory response is finely balanced. Anyhow i some individuals with geneti…

MANAGEMENT OF LEIOMYOMA OF THE TRANSVERSE COLON: CASE REPORT

2013

Colonic leiomyoma is a mesenchymal tumor that arises from the muscularis mucosae or muscularis propria and is composed of well-differentiated smooth muscle cells with no atypia. It is often incidentally found since its growth affects the submucosal layer and the lesion is covered with normal epithelium. Endoscopic ultrasonography is recommended to define the grade of infiltration of the tumor and eventually lymph node involvement. Histological examination is critical to establish the nature of the tumor and its behaviour. In the case of a voluminous tumor surgical treatment is needed. we report case of a patient that underwent colonoscopy showing the presence of a neoformation at 70 cm from…

The mitotic kinase Aurora-A promotes distant metastases by inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in ERα+ breast cancer cells

2013

In this study, we demonstrate that constitutive activation of Raf-1 oncogenic signaling induces stabilization and accumulation of Aurora-A mitotic kinase that ultimately drives the transition from an epithelial to a highly invasive mesenchymal phenotype in estrogen receptor α-positive (ERα(+)) breast cancer cells. The transition from an epithelial- to a mesenchymal-like phenotype was characterized by reduced expression of ERα, HER-2/Neu overexpression and loss of CD24 surface receptor (CD24(-/low)). Importantly, expression of key epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and upregulation of the stemness gene SOX2 was linked to acquisition of stem cell-like properties such as the ab…

Innate Sensing by Mesenchymal TLR4/MyD88 Signals Promotes Spontaneous Intestinal Tumorigenesis

2018

MyD88, an adaptor molecule downstream of innate pathways, plays a significant tumor-promoting role in sporadic intestinal carcinogenesis, which is dependent on its function in the stroma. Here, we show that deletion of MyD88 in intestinal mesenchymal cells (IMCs) significantly reduces Apc-mediated intestinal tumorigenesis. This phenotype is associated with decreased epithelial cell proliferation, altered inflammatory and tumorigenic immune cell infiltration, and modified gene expression similar to complete MyD88 knockout mice. Genetic deletion of TLR4, but not IL1R, in IMCs led to altered molecular profiles and reduction of intestinal tumors similar to the MyD88 deficiency. Ex vivo analysis…