Search results for "Meta-"

Microplastics and the functional traits of fishes: A global meta‐analysis

2021

Over the years, concern about the effects of microplastics has grown. Here, we answered the main question “What are the impacts of microplastics on the functional traits of fish species?” through a meta-analysis. The general impact of microplastic exposure on the functional traits of fishes and specifically on eight variables, namely, behaviour, development, fecundity, feeding, growth, health, hatching and survival was explored. Subgroup analyses were performed to detect correlations between the impact of microplastics and the following factors: species, life stage, habitat, water column habitat, day of exposure to microplastics and microplastic size, type and shape. A meta-regression analy…

Aquaculture effects on some physical and chemical properties of the water column: A meta-analysis

2007

More than 30 peer-reviewed articles (1980–2005) were analysed using meta-analytical reviewing techniques, and about 340 study cases were used to test whether aquaculture facilities had any effects on physical and chemical variables. The analysis tested differences between experimental conditions vs. chosen-by-author controls. Across all study cases, cultivated organisms (fish, shrimps and bivalves) did not have any clear effects on the water temperature and salinity. Dissolved oxygen also was found to be unaffected by aquaculture practices. On the other hand, crowding led to significant pH variations, which was more accentuated in shrimp (d+ = 0.66;P 0.05).Water transparency and turbidity w…

Effects of Ocean Acidification on physiology, behaviour and ecology of fish

CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is increasing at unprecedented rate since the last 800,000 years due to rising fossil fuel combustion, industrial processes and land use by humans. By absorbing part of this gas from the atmosphere, Oceans contribute to the mitigation of climatic changes, but at the cost of greater modifications of their physical and chemical characteristics. CO2 dissolved in the seawater leads to increased bicarbonate (HCO3 -) and hydrogen ions (H+) concentrations with a consequent pH drop, a phenomenon known as Ocean Acidification (OA). If global policy will not put in force mitigation measures to reduce CO2 emissions, it is projected that partial pressure of dissolved …

A general theoretical framework for designing cognitive architectures: Hybrid and meta-level architectures for BICA

2012

In this paper, we will discuss hybrid architectures in which different processing modules coexist and cooperate in a principled way. A fundamental and essential role is played by modules performing meta-computation, i.e., computation about computation itself. Meta-level architectures, therefore, become an essential complement of hybrid architectures for biologically inspired cognitive architectures (BICA). Engineering and modeling BICAs is a hard task due to the lack of techniques for developing and implementing their features. We propose a new concept of intelligent agent as a useful abstraction for developing BICAs and having means for representing all the involved entities together with …

Collective Reasoning over Shared Concepts for the Linguistic Atlas of Sicily

2013

In this chapter, collective intelligence principles are applied in the context of the Linguistic Atlas of Sicily (ALS - Atlante Linguistico Siciliano), an interdisciplinary research focusing on the study of the Italian language as it is spoken in Sicily, and its correlation with the Sicilian dialect and other regional varieties spoken in Sicily. The project has been developed over the past two decades and includes a complex information system supporting linguistic research; recently it has grown to allow research scientists to cooperate in an integrated environment to produce significant scientific advances in the field of ethnologic and sociolinguistic research. An interoperable infrastruc…

A meta-cognitive architecture for planning in uncertain environments

2013

Abstract The behavior of an artificial agent performing in a natural environment is influenced by many different pressures and needs coming from both external world and internal factors, which sometimes drive the agent to reach conflicting goals. At the same time, the interaction between an artificial agent and the environment is deeply affected by uncertainty due to the imprecision in the description of the world, and the unpredictability of the effects of the agent’s actions. Such an agent needs meta-cognition in terms of both self-awareness and control. Self-awareness is related to the internal conditions that may possibly influence the completion of the task, while control is oriented t…

Agamennone βουληφόρος? La sovranità alla prova del processo deliberativo

2022

Starting with the Iliad, Agamemnon is mostly depicted at the centre of dramatic deliberative situations. This feature is also present in fifth-century literature, particularly in some plays in which Agamemnon’s decision-making ability in uncertainty comes into tension with other characters in order to determine the ‘right’ decision and adequate leadership features. In this paper, I will focus on the Euripides’ play Iphigenia in Aulis (405 a.C.). In this tragedy the behaviour of the Achaean king draws our attention, as he is not equipped to handle his role and responsibilities. In the same years, also historiography is interested in the nature and risks of the deliberative process, as Thucyd…

«Amor y Psique. Hermenéutica de una fábula de las Artes figurativas al teatro de Calderón»

2013

Este trabajo se centra en el estudio de la obra calderoniana Ni amor se libra de amor, y de cómo se diseña la fábula argumental de Amor y Psique a través del análisis textual por medio de tres recorridos fundamentales: la referencia a las taxonomías de la tradición icónica; el meta-teatro; y la cuestión iconológica con respecto al estatuto de la imagen. The present article focuses on studying the argumentative structure of the fable of Amor and Psyche in Calderón’s play Ni amor se libra de amor. The analysis is based on three aspects: the reference to taxonomies within the iconic tradition; meta-theatre; the iconological dimension with respect to the status of the image.

L'ombra di Salamanca. Lo statuto trascendentale della metafisica in Lowe, Armstrong e van Inwagen

2016

Contemporary analytic metaphysics insists on the transcendental status which has always characterized metaphysics since its Aristotelian origin. As soon as metaphysics has to declare its topic, it also has to expound the conditions of possibility of its own knowledge. Hence, metaphysics is at the same time a “meta-metaphysics”. Following such a classic proceeding, contemporary analytic metaphysics promotes a strong recovery of Aristotle’s ontology (Lowe, Armstrong), but it seems to be also very close to the Suarezian turn by an author like van Inwagen.

Dalla valutazione della conoscenza alla valutazione della competenza. Il ruolo pedagogico dell'autovalutazione.

2016

Si presenta, in questo contributo, una riflessione sulla valutazione concepita oggi come valutazione delle competenze, in quanto categoria pedagogica ed educativa. L'orizzonte di senso nel quale il discorso si costruisce è quello di una pedagogia fondamentale, qui intesa nella prospettiva fenomenologico-ermeneutica; tale scienza pedagogica si definisce in un dialogo critico condotto con le altre scienze pedagogiche di tipo empiriologico e le scienze applicate allo studio dell'educazione.