Search results for "Metabolite"

Species Differences in Enzymes Controlling Reactive Epoxides

1987

Activities of enzymes involved in the metabolic formation and catabolism of epoxides were determined in liver subcellular preparations from 11 mammalian species and various strains of mice. The most conspicuous finding was that the activities of the microsomal epoxide hydrolase were clearly lower in the mouse than in the other species. This invited the working hypothesis that epoxides may be involved in mouse liver carcinogenesis. The carcinogens may be metabolised themselves to reactive epoxides or they may modify the metabolism of epoxides formed from endogenous or other foreign compounds. To examine the former point, phenobarbital, DDT (1,1-bis(p- chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane), li…

Stability of 11-Nor-Δ9-carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol Glucuronide in Plasma and Urine Assessed by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

2002

Abstract Background: Unconjugated 11-nor-Δ9-carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol (THCCOOH) in blood and urine has been proposed as a valuable marker, but the glucuronide (THCCOOglu) is present in considerably higher concentrations than the parent drug. Acyl glucuronides have been shown to be potentially reactive conjugates, which may affect the in vitro metabolite pattern. Methods: Extraction procedures and a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay were developed and validated to investigate the stability of THCCOOglu in urine and plasma. Plasma and urine samples with added THCCOOglu were stored at −20, 4, 20, and 40 °C up to 10 days. Results: The glucuronide was stable at −20 °C in bo…

Zum Tryptophanabbau bei Cordyceps militaris-Stämmen in saprophytischen Kulturen

1973

Summary The degradation of tryptophan in two strains of the Cordyceps miliraris Link in saprophytic culture was examined: both fungi showed different behavior patterns. In the strain I all the tryptophan is subject to lateral catenoid oxidation and the metabolite of this catabolism process are fixed. In strain II under identical experimental conditions the tryptophan is decomposed by the “Ehrlich-mechanism”. Independently of the above, N-acetylization reactions occur in both strains. Here both the L-isomers and the D-isomers of tryptophan are metabolized. Both isomers can be acetylized.

Back Cover: Promoter Activation in Δ hfq Mutants as an Efficient Tool for Specialized Metabolite Production Enabling Direct Bioactivity Testing (Ange…

2019

Influence of bacteria on the metabolite pattern of phenol in zebra fish (Brachydanio rerio)

1989

Summary An investigation was performed on the potential influence of bacteria in the medium on the metabolism of phenol in zebra fish. The results obtained in vitro and in vivo show that bacteria may influence biotransformation studies of xenobiotics by fish in different manner. First, it was shown that phenol conjugates were deconjugated. Hydrolysis of phenyl glucuronide was observed both in vitro and in vivo. Deconjugation of phenyl sulphate was found to a minor extent merely under in vitro conditions. Second, the xenobiotic itself, in this case phenol, was degradated to CO2. The proportion did not lead to a significant removal of the test compound of the fish. Zusammenfassung Einflus von…

Binary and tertiary combinations of 3-ADON, 15-ADON and AOH mycotoxins on HepG2 cells: Evaluation of cytotoxic effects and detection of metabolite pr…

2015

Risposte agli stress ambientali in CYSTOSEIRA (C. AGARDH): effetti della temperatura sul contenuto dei composti fenolici

2012

Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites involved in different protection mechanisms as, for example, against grazers, epiphytes and UV radiation. Seasonal variations of phenolic content in C. amentacea were analysed and laboratory experiments, in which C. amentacea was exposed to an increase of temperature (258C and 308C), were performed. Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined colorimetrically with the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. In C. amentacea, a seasonal pattern in TPC was observed, with a maximum value in winter-spring. C. amentacea responded significantly to the temperature treatments with a consistent decrease in TPC after 48 h.

Metabolites produced by agents of dieback of grapevine in Sicily: Lasiodiplodia mediterranea, Neofusicoccum parvum and N. vitifusiforme

2015

Botryosphaeria dieback was recently reported in West Sicilian vineyards. The disease complex was only associated with isolates of genus Lasiodiplodia in 2007 and together with Diplodia seriata, Neofusicoccum parvum and Neofusicoccum vitifusiforme, this latest reported for the first time on Vitis vinifera in Italy. Moreover, a representative isolate of each species was inoculated on green shoots and fulfilled Koch’s postulates, although the lengths of vascular discolourations were variable depending on the species. As well as the other GTD causal agents, the expression of foliar symptoms (pale colour along the margins and between veins) was also occasional in Sicily, it was hypothesized that…

Combined Analysis of the Effects of Exposure to Blue Light in Ducks Reveals a Reduction in Cholesterol Accumulation Through Changes in Methionine Met…

2021

Monochromatic light is widely used in industry, medical treatment, and animal husbandry. Green-blue light has been found to stimulate the proliferation of satellite cells and the results of studies on the effects of blue light on poultry vary widely. It would be worthwhile to study the effect of blue light on poultry growth and how exposure to blue light affects metabolism and the intestinal microbiota. In this study, we irradiated Cherry Valley ducks with 460 nm wavelength light (blue light) for 3 weeks to explore the effects of blue light in comparison to those of white light (combined wavelength light) on animal growth and development. Our results showed that, under exposure to blue ligh…

Synthesis of azoxystrobin transformation products and selection of monoclonal antibodies for immunoassay development

2012

The use of agrochemicals for crop protection may result in the presence of toxic residues in soils and aquatic environments, besides in foodstuffs. Most often just the parent compound is included in the definition of pesticide residue, even though chemicals resulting from biotransformation and degradation routes might also be of toxicological relevance. Azoxystrobin is a broad-spectrum systemic fungicide widely used worldwide to combat pathogenic fungi affecting plants. We herein report the synthesis and detailed chemical characterization of several of the most relevant metabolites and degradates of azoxystrobin. These compounds were further employed as ligands for screening a collection of…