Search results for "Metallurgy"
showing 10 items of 1419 documents
Transmission patterns in the production of Bronze Age solid- hilted swords
2023
Bronze Age swords with a bronze hilt were a highly specialised production. Casting hilts and blades and fixing them to each other require lots of precision and very specific skills. We hardly know anything about the production organisation as moulds are extremely rare, preventing us from locating workshops. However, studying swords themselves using X-ray imaging techniques allows us to reconstruct a part of the chaîne opératoire and gain insight into some aspects of the production processes. We identify three periods in the production of solid-hilted swords at the European scale:1. Experimental phase (1800-1450 BC): small-scaled productions by multiple workshops experimenting various ways o…
Une crise dans la production métallique de l’âge du Bronze final autour de 900 av. J.-C.
2023
La fin du Xe siècle av. J.-C. correspond à une subdivision mineure au sein des principaux systèmes chronologiques d’Europe continentale (transition Bronze final IIIa-IIIb ou Ha B1-B2/3). Il s’agit pourtant d’une période de rupture majeure dans les productions métalliques. L’aspect des objets en bronze, notamment ceux de la sphère personnelle (épées, parures, couteaux…), change radicalement. La riche ornementation graphique répandue jusqu’alors laisse place à des objets beaucoup plus épurés et standardisés. Ce changement rapide doit être mis en relation avec des variations au sein des systèmes de production et le développement de l’utilisation de moules permanents, auparavant réservés à la p…
Multiple-scan voltammetry and OCP: Archaeometric tools for dating archaeological bronzes
2021
[EN] The application of a multiple-scan strategy to nanosamples taken from 18 cross-sections of Bronze Age arms and armour, as well as two Roman coins using two solid-state electrochemical techniques, the voltammetry of immobilized microparticles (VIMP) and open circuit potential measurements (OCP) is described. The voltammetric responses in contact with aqueous acetate buffer can be attributed to the reduction of cuprite with variable degree of compaction and crystallinity revealing significant differences in the gradient of such properties with depth. Such differences are also revealed by "dry" OCP measurements connecting points in the cross section near and separated from the corrosion l…
Production et circulation des épées à poignée métallique de l'âge du Bronze en Europe occidentale
2022
Several regional syntheses have been published on Bronze Age solid-hilted swords, but none for France and the Benelux countries. This dissertation aims first at filling this gap by listing the swords from this region. By adding data from these pre-existing studies, it is possible to study the distribution of solid-hilted swords on a European scale. The building of an inventory is an essential condition to study the diffusion of these weapons over long distances. This must come along with models to characterise the organisation of the swords production and the ways they spread out. It requires us to question the status of the craftsmen, their organisation and their location. One of the first…
A group of metals from the Bronze Age village of l’Arbocer (Font de la Figuera, Valencia)
2005
In this paper, we present a study of a group of cooper and bronze objects that were found by chance in the Bronze Age village of L’Arbocer (Font de la Figuera, Valencia). The main aims are the description of the objects and the results of the X Ray Fluorescence analyses. Moreover; a short fieldwork season has been carried out, which has allowed us to determine the archaeological context of the metals and to establish their connection with a possible area of metallurgical activity. The village of L’Arbocer is located on the border of the provinces of Valencia, Alicante and Albacete. This is very interesting in helping us to evaluate the presence of a possible metallurgy workshop and its chro…
Un nouveau regard sur les épées à poignée métallique de l’âge du Bronze à la lumière des rayons X
2023
Les épées de l’âge du Bronze, a fortiori celles à poignée métallique, figurent parmi les objets les mieux documentés de la période, avec un grand nombre d’études réalisées à l’échelle européenne depuis la fin du XIXe siècle. Malgré tout, l’emploi de techniques d’imagerie utilisant les rayons X, telles que la radiographie et la tomographie, permettent de porter un regard nouveau sur ces armes grâce à l’examen de leurs entrailles qui révèlent certaines techniques mises en place par les artisans pour leur production. Ces épées sont en effet des objets complexes formés de plusieurs pièces agencées à l’aide de techniques variées, pour lesquelles les artisans de l’âge du Bronze se sont montrés tr…
Analysis of Sagunto Ibero-Roman votive bronze statuettes by portable X-ray fluorescence
2019
Abstract The main objective of this work was the study of chemical composition of an important collection of Ibero-Roman votive bronze statuettes exposed in the Archaeological Museum of Sagunto (Spain). Precision and accuracy of the measurements were obtained developing a proper analytical method, also avoiding any possible damage to the studied objects using a portable energy dispersive X- ray fluorescence system. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to discriminate between groups based on ratios Fe/Cu, Pb/Cu, Sn/Cu, Ag/Cu, Ni/Cu and Impurities/Cu were employed to observe differences between the used smelting, manufacturing processes and raw materials. The characterisation of bronze statuet…
Copper quality and provenance in Middle Bronze Age I Byblos and Tell Arqa (Lebanon)
2013
Reliability of numerical models for simulating galvanic corrosion processes
2012
International audience; Maturity of numerical simulation represents an important issue in the development of predictive models of galvanic corrosion. As widely used in electrochemical engineering, a coupled electrochemical-transport-reaction (CETR) model is recommended to simulate the current distribution above a galvanic corrosion cell made of the cut-edge of a galvanized steel sheet. Nevertheless, simulating current density distributions obtained experimentally by scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) above such a galvanic cell appears to be more accurate using an electrostatic model considering a homogeneous conductivity. In this case, the absence of concentration gradients next …
Electrochemical deposition of CZTS thin films on flexible substrate
2014
Abstract In this work, we report some preliminary results concerning the fabrication of quaternary semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films on a flexible substrate through the simultaneous electrodeposition of elements having different standard electrochemical potentials. CZTS thin films were obtained by potentiostatic deposition from aqueous baths at room temperature and under N2 atmosphere, varying bath composition. Chemical composition and structure of the electrodeposited films were evaluated by EDS, SEM, RAMAN and XRD. Preliminary results on the photoelectrochemical behaviour of the films will be also presented.