Search results for "Micro"
showing 10 items of 23412 documents
Translation of HTT mRNA with expanded CAG repeats is regulated by the MID1-PP2A protein complex.
2012
Expansion of CAG repeats is a common feature of various neurodegenerative disorders, including Huntington's disease. Here we show that expanded CAG repeats bind to a translation regulatory protein complex containing MID1, protein phosphatase 2A and 40S ribosomal S6 kinase. Binding of the MID1-protein phosphatase 2A protein complex increases with CAG repeat size and stimulates translation of the CAG repeat expansion containing messenger RNA in a MID1-, protein phosphatase 2A- and mammalian target of rapamycin-dependent manner. Our data indicate that pathological CAG repeat expansions upregulate protein translation leading to an overproduction of aberrant protein and suggest that the MID1-com…
The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase MID1 Catalyzes Ubiquitination and Cleavage of Fu
2014
Sonic Hedgehog (SHH)-GLI signalling plays an important role during embryogenesis and in tumorigenesis. The survival and growth of several types of cancer depend on autonomously activated SHH-GLI signalling. A protein complex containing the ubiquitin-ligase MID1 and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) regulates the nuclear localization and transcriptional activity of GLI3, a transcriptional effector molecule of SHH, in cancer cell lines with autonomously activated SHH signalling. However, the exact molecular mechanisms that mediate the interaction between MID1 and GLI3 remained unknown. Here, we show that MID1 catalyses the ubiquitination and proteasomal cleavage of the GLI3-regulator Fu. Our data…
Analytical model for the long- distance tracer-transport in plants
2011
International audience; Recent investigations of long-distance transport in plants using non-invasive tracer techniques such as C radiolabeling monitored by positron emission tomography (PET) combined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed the need of dedicated methods to allow a quantitative data analysis and comparison of such experiments. A mechanistic compartmental tracer transport model is presented, defined by a linear system of partial differential equations (PDEs). This model simplifies the complexity of axial transport and lateral exchanges in the transport pathways of plants (e.g. the phloem) by simulating transport and reversible exchange within three compartments using j…
Understanding the microbial biogeography of ancient human dentitions to guide study design and interpretation
2022
©. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This document is the Published manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in FEMS Microbes. To access the final edited and published work see DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtac006 The oral cavity is a heterogeneous environment, varying in factors such as pH, oxygen levels, and salivary flow. These factors affect the microbial community composition and distribution of species in dental plaque, but it is not known how well these patterns are reflected in archaeological dental calculus. In most archaeological studies, a single sample of dental calculus is studied p…
Data from: Key roles for freshwater Actinobacteria revealed by deep metagenomic sequencing
2014
Freshwaters ecosystems are critical but fragile environments directly affecting society and its welfare. However, our understanding of genuinely freshwater microbial communities, constrained by our capacity to manipulate its prokaryotic participants in axenic cultures, remains very rudimentary. Even the most abundant components, freshwater Actinobacteria, remain largely unknown. Here, applying deep metagenomic sequencing to the microbial community of a freshwater reservoir, we were able to circumvent this traditional bottleneck and reconstruct de novo seven distinct streamlined actinobacterial genomes. These genomes represent three new groups of photoheterotrophic, planktonic Actinobacteria…
Dinámica de la microbiota en niños, adolescentes y adultos
2022
La microbiota intestinal se implanta a lo largo del desarrollo del individuo y su composición y funciones difieren según la edad. Conocer los cambios que se producen en la microbiota intestinal a lo largo de la vida puede ayudar al diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención de enfermedades relacionadas con alteraciones metabólicas e inmunitarias. Con este trabajo pretendemos contribuir a la comprensión del proceso de desarrollo de la microbiota intestinal, centrándonos en dos períodos que han recibido poca atención: los primeros años y la adolescencia. Hemos determinado la composición y la función de la microbiota a través de enfoques metagenómicos de genoma completo y basados en ARN ribosómic…
Fecal Metagenomics and Metabolomics Identifying Microbial Signatures in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
2023
The frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has intensified, creating diagnostic challenges and increasing the need for reliable non-invasive diagnostic tools. Due to the importance of the gut–liver axis in the progression of NAFLD, studies attempt to reveal microbial signatures in NAFLD, evaluate them as diagnostic biomarkers, and to predict disease progression. The gut microbiome affects human physiology by processing the ingested food into bioactive metabolites. These molecules can penetrate the portal vein and the liver to promote or prevent hepatic fat accumulation. Here, the findings of human fecal metagenomic and metabolomic studies relating to NAFLD are reviewed. The …
Vibrio vulnificus: from water to host
2017
Vibrio vulnificus is an aquatic pathogen autochthonous from temperate, tropical and subtropical ecosystems where it lives either as a sessile cell, forming biofilms or as a free-swimming cell. From these locations, the pathogen can occasionally infect humans and fish causing a disease named vibriosis. The most severe form of human and fish vibriosis is associated with the pathogen’s ability to spread from the infection site to the bloodstream and multiply, process known as invasion. Before invasion, the pathogen has to colonize the mucosal host surface, process that involves not only bacterial attachment/adhesion but also resistance to mucosal immunity, commensal microbiota (competitors) an…
Aerobic exercise training and gut microbiome-associated metabolic shifts in women with overweight : a multi-omic study
2023
Physical activity is essential in weight management, improves overall health, and mitigates obesity-related risk markers. Besides inducing changes in systemic metabolism, habitual exercise may improve gut’s microbial diversity and increase the abundance of beneficial taxa in a correlated fashion. Since there is a lack of integrative omics studies on exercise and overweight populations, we studied the metabolomes and gut microbiota associated with programmed exercise in obese individuals. We measured the serum and fecal metabolites of 17 adult women with overweight during a 6-week endurance exercise program. Further, we integrated the exercise-responsive metabolites with variations in the gu…
Microbiome: pro-inflammatory Prevotella?
2013
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent systemic autoimmune disease, caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Animal models suggest a role for intestinal bacteria in supporting the systemic immune response required for joint inflammation. Here we performed 16S sequencing on 114 stool samples from rheumatoid arthritis patients and controls, and shotgun sequencing on a subset of 44 such samples. We identified the presence of Prevotella copri as strongly correlated with disease in new-onset untreated rheumatoid arthritis (NORA) patients. Increases in Prevotella abundance correlated with a reduction in Bacteroides and a loss of reportedly beneficial microbes in NORA subjec…