Search results for "Micro"

Impact of Green Vegetables and Green Smoothies on Enamel Mineral Composition In Vitro

2019

Background: Recently, smoothies with a high vegetable content have become very popular, especially among young adults. Objectives: This in vitro study was conducted to determine the erosive potential of selected green vegetables and green smoothies on human dental enamel. Methods: A total of ten green smoothies and eight freshly mixed vegetables were chosen, and pH, calcium and oxalic acid contents were measured. The enamel specimens were obtained from wisdom teeth and incubated with 3 selected foods (spinach, parsley, or green smoothie) for 12 and 24 hours (N = 6). Control samples were incubated with a physiological salt solution. An electron probe microanalyzer (Jeol JXA 8900RL) was utili…

Nutraceuticals in gummy candies form prepared from lacto-fermented lupine protein concentrates, as high-quality protein source, incorporated withCitr…

2018

Fermentation in fish and by-products processing: an overview of current research and future prospects

2020

Fish industry has been growing continuously over the last decades and generates huge amounts of by-products. These by-products come from fish head, skin, bones, thorns, and viscera. Part of them are processed for feed, collagen and oil production, and to a lesser extent to produce biofuels and fertilizers, but many other high-value bioactive compounds can be recovered. Fish fermentation, which is traditionally used to increase fish shelf-life, results into the formation of bacteria metabolites of interest. Applied to by-products, fermentation increases the quality of protein hydrolysates, oil and produces antioxidant compounds. This technology, which is safe, environmental-friendly and poor…

Chestnuts and by-products as source of natural antioxidants in meat and meat products: A review

2018

Abstract Background Chestnuts have traditionally been used for both human and animal consumption due to their nutritional properties. During chestnut industrial processing, several by-products are generated, like chestnut wood, flowers, leaves, shells, barks and burs. These by-products constitute an important source of antioxidant compounds, which can be used as food additives to be incorporated in other food products such as meat in order to improve nutritional and quality characteristics as well as to delay oxidation processes. Scope and approach This systematic literature review evaluated the main antioxidant compounds of chestnuts by-products, including total content and profile. Moreov…

Urban upbringing and childhood respiratory and allergic conditions: A multi-country holistic study

2018

Objective: We integratively assessed the effect of different indoor and outdoor environmental exposures early in life on respiratory and allergic health conditions among children from (sub-) urban areas. Methods: This study included children participating in four ongoing European birth cohorts located in three different geographical regions: INMA (Spain), LISAplus (Germany), GINIplus (Germany) and BAMSE (Sweden). Wheezing, bronchitis, asthma and allergic rhinitis throughout childhood were assessed using parental-completed questionnaires. We designed “environmental scores” corresponding to different indoor, green- and grey-related exposures (main analysis, a-priori-approach). Cohort-specific…

The protein and microRNA cargo of extracellular vesicles from parasitic helminths – current status and research priorities

2020

Helminth parasites have a remarkable ability to persist within their mammalian hosts, which is largely due to their secretion of molecules with immunomodulatory properties. Although the soluble components of helminth secretions have been extensively studied, the discovery that helminths release extracellular vesicles (EVs) has added further complexity to the host-parasite interaction. Whilst several studies have begun to characterise the molecules carried by helminth EVs, work aimed at investigating their biological functions has been hindered by a lack of helminth-specific EV markers. To begin to address this, we summarised helminth EV literature to date. With a focus on the protein and mi…

Environmental radiation alters the gut microbiome of the bank vole Myodes glareolus.

2018

International audience; Gut microbiota composition depends on many factors, although the impact of environmental pollution is largely unknown. We used amplicon sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes to quantify whether anthropogenic radionuclides at Chernobyl (Ukraine) impact the gut microbiome of the bank vole Myodes glareolus. Exposure to elevated levels of environmental radionuclides had no detectable effect on the gut community richness but was associated with an almost twofold increase in the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio. Animals inhabiting uncontaminated areas had remarkably similar gut communities irrespective of their proximity to the nuclear power plant. Hence, samples could be c…

Next‐Generation Sequencing‐Based RiboMethSeq Protocol for Analysis of tRNA 2′‐O‐Methylation

2017

Analysis of RNA modifications by traditional physico‐chemical approaches is labor  intensive,  requires  substantial  amounts  of  input  material  and  only  allows  site‐by‐site  measurements.  The  recent  development  of  qualitative  and  quantitative  approaches  based  on   next‐generation sequencing (NGS) opens new perspectives for the analysis of various cellular RNA  species.  The  Illumina  sequencing‐based  RiboMethSeq  protocol  was  initially  developed  and  successfully applied for mapping of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) 2′‐O‐methylations. This method also  gives excellent results in the quantitative analysis of rRNA modifications in different species and  under varying growth condi…

Successful aerobic bioremediation of groundwater contaminated with higher chlorinated phenols by indigenous degrader bacteria

2018

The xenobiotic priority pollutant pentachlorophenol has been used as a timber preservative in a polychlorophenol bulk synthesis product containing also tetrachlorophenol and trichlorophenol. Highly soluble chlorophenol salts have leaked into groundwater, causing severe contamination of large aquifers. Natural attenuation of higher-chlorinated phenols (HCPs: pentachlorophenol + tetrachlorophenol) at historically polluted sites has been inefficient, but a 4-year full scale in situ biostimulation of a chlorophenol-contaminated aquifer by circulation and re-infiltration of aerated groundwater was remarkably successful: pentachlorophenol decreased from 400 μg L−1 to <1 μg L−1 and tetrachlorophen…

Effect of Host Species on Topography of the Fitness Landscape for a Plant RNA Virus

2016

[EN] Adaptive fitness landscapes are a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology that relate the genotype of individuals with their fitness. At the end, the evolutionary fate of evolving populations depends on the topography of the landscape, that is, the number of accessible mutational pathways and of possible fitness peaks (i.e, adaptive solutions). For long time, fitness landscapes were only theoretical constructions due to a lack of precise information on the mapping between genotypes and phenotypes. In recent years, however, efforts have been devoted to characterize the properties of empirical fitness landscapes for individual proteins or for microbes adapting to artificial environme…