Search results for "Microbio"

Retinoic Acid and the Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer’s Disease: Fighting Back-to-Back?

2019

Background:There is growing evidence that the gut microbiota may play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. However, how these commensals influence disease risk and progression still has to be deciphered.Objective:The objective of this review was to summarize current knowledge on the interplay between gut microbiota and retinoic acid. The latter one represents one of the important micronutrients, which have been correlated to Alzheimer’s disease and are used in initial therapeutic intervention studies.Methods:A selective overview of the literature is given with the focus on the function of retinoic acid in the healthy and diseased brain, its metabolism…

Saprolegnia bulbosa sp. nov. isolated from an Argentine stream: taxonomy and comparison with related species

2007

Saprolegnia bulbosa sp. nov. was isolated from floating and decaying twigs and leaves in El Gato stream, Partido de La Plata, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The distinctive characteristics of S. bulbosa are the product of smooth oogonia and predominantly contorted monoclinous, androgynous and diclinous antheridia. The oogonial stalks are usually bent, curved or once coiled; oospores are subcentric, (1) 2–15 (45) per oogonium and are variable in size. Taxonomical description of this new species, its comparison with related oomycetes of the genus and the nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed region (spacers ITS1, ITS2 and the gene 5.8S) of its rRNA gene are given here.

The flagellates of the termite Hodotermopsis sjoestedti with special reference to Hoplonympha, Holomastigotes and Trichomonoides trypanoides n. comb.

2004

Abstract The termite Hodotermopsis sjoestedti harbours a symbiotic fauna of protists comprising at least 11 genera and a much larger number of species. Two oxymonad genera, Pyrsonympha and Dinenympha, are mixed with nine parabasalid genera, two trichomonads, Trichomitopsis termopsidis and Trichomonoides trypanoides n. comb., four spirotrichonymphid genera/species: Spirotrichonympha, Microjoenia, Holomastigotes lanceolata n. sp., Holomastigotes elongatum and three trichonymphid genera/species; Hoplonympha natator, Eucomonympha, Trichonympha. Hoplonympha natator has two anterior symmetrical bundles of ∼60 basal bodies/flagella separated by two parabasal plates. The cell surface is crenelated …

Bacteriophage Resistance Affects Flavobacterium columnare Virulence Partly via Mutations in Genes Related to Gliding Motility and Type IX Secretion S…

2020

AbstractIncreasing problems with antibiotic resistance has directed interest towards phages as tools to treat bacterial infections in the aquaculture industry. However, phage resistance evolves rapidly in bacteria posing a challenge for successful phage therapy. To investigate phage resistance in the fish pathogenic bacterium Flavobacterium columnare, two phage-sensitive, virulent wild-type isolates, FCO-F2 and FCO-F9, were exposed to phages and subsequently analyzed for bacterial viability and colony morphology. Twenty-four phage-exposed isolates were further characterized for phage resistance, antibiotic susceptibility, motility, adhesion and biofilm formation on polystyrene surface, prot…

An analysis of inter- and intraspecific genetic variabilities in theKluyveromyces marxianusgroup of yeast species for the reconsideration of theK. la…

2002

In the present work, we analyse the sequences of the 5.8S rRNA gene and the two internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (5.8S-ITS region), obtained from 39 strains belonging to the species Kluyveromyces aestuarii, K. dobzhanskii, K. lactis and K. marxianus, K. nonfermentans and K. wickerhamii, to solve the phylogenetic relationships among these species and also to determine the possible genetic basis for the delimitation of the two currently accepted K. lactis varieties: lactis, including lactose-positive strains isolated from dairy products, and drosophilarum, comprising lactose-negative strains isolated from insects and plant exudates. The determination of the phylogenetic relationships with…

Thalassobius mediterraneus gen. nov., sp. nov., and reclassification of Ruegeria gelatinovorans as Thalassobius gelatinovorus comb. nov.

2005

A Gram-negative, slightly halophilic, non-pigmented, strictly aerobic, chemo-organotrophic bacterium was isolated from sea water off the western Mediterranean coast near Valencia (Spain). This strain was able to grow on several organic acids and amino acids added to a minimal medium as carbon sources, but used few carbohydrates or yielded slight growth when sugars were used. Phylogenetic analysis based on an almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain XSM19T was a member of the Roseobacter group within the ‘Alphaproteobacteria’, with its closest phylogenetic neighbour being Ruegeria gelatinovorans (97·6 % sequence similarity). Following a polyphasic approach, it was conclude…

Immobilization of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Cells to Protein G-Sepharose by Cell Wall Engineering

2003

In this work, we explored the possibility of using the targeting of a heterologous protein to the cell wall of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, by fusing it to a cell wall protein, to construct yeast strains whose cells display on their surface proteins that bind to a matrix, so as to achieve the immobilization of the whole cells. With this aim, we created a gene fusion that comprises the region responsible for attachment of a cell wall protein to the cell wall, and the IgG binding region of staphylococcal protein A, and expressed it in the <i>mnn1mnn9</i> strain of <i>S. cerevisiae</i>. The surface display of the protein A-Icwp fusion protein was positiv…

Recombinant expression of gastropod (Biomphalaria glabrata) haemoglobin

2009

Wanted : pathogenesis-related marker molecules for Fusarium oxysporum

2003

Summary Although Fusarium oxysporum pathogens cause severe wilts in about 80 botanical species, the mechanisms of pathogenicity and symptom induction are poorly understood. Knowledge about the genetic and biochemical pathways involved in the pathogenesis of F. oxysporum would be invaluable in getting targets for both fungicide development and search for biocontrol agents. In this respect, we described the main approaches that have been developed to identify some mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of F. oxysporum . During the last decades, the potential functions triggering of F. oysporum pathogenicity have mainly been investigated by comparing soilborne pathogenic strains with nonpathog…

Effect of analogues of plant growth regulators on in vitro growth of eukaryotic plant pathogens

2004

FGA (furfurylamine; 1,2,3,4 tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucose; adipic acid monoethyl ester), a chemical mixture of three analogues of plant growth regulators that increases the protection of tomato plants against phytopathogens, was demonstrated to have direct antimicrobial activity. It reduced the growth in vitro of the filamentous fungi Alternaria solani and Botrytis cinerea, and the oomycetes Phytophthora capsici and Phytophthora citrophthora (ED50 0·18–0·26% w/v, depending on species). The components of this mixture were also active against these phytopathogens, but sensitivity to the compounds was different for each pathogen. Adipic acid monoethyl ester (E) showed the highest and widest range…