Search results for "Microsimulation"

Complex Adaptive Systems and Agent-Based Modelling

2015

In a labour–education market system, there are many individuals and firms with adaptive behaviour. As we have seen in the previous chapter, networks are prevalent in LEMS and play an important role in many decisions of its actors. Thus, LEMS can be analysed as a complex adaptive system (CAS). Agent-based modelling (ABM) is typically used for such purposes, and the next chapter will dig into details of various ways of applying ABM in modelling LEMS. To be ready for it, we first have to understand the motivation behind and the details of this method. This is what will be discussed here.

In-work benefits for married couples: an ex-ante evaluation of EITC and WTC policies in Italy

2014

This paper investigates labor supply and redistributive effects of in-work benefits for Italian married couples using a tax-benefit microsimulation model and a multi-sectoral discrete choice model of labor supply. We consider two in-work benefit schemes following the key principles of the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) and the Working Tax Credit (WTC) existing in the US and the UK, respectively. The standard design of these in-work benefits is however augmented with a new benefit premium for two-earner households in order to overcome the well-known disincentive effects that these welfare instruments may generate on secondary earners. In simulation, the proposed in-work benefits are finance…

Estimation of Passenger Car Equivalents for single-lane roundabouts using a microsimulation-based procedure

2017

Calibration of microscopic traffic simulation models for single-lane roundabouts.Use of a meta-analytical estimation of critical and follow up headways.Use of a genetic algorithm-based procedure.Calculation of passenger car equivalents for single-lane roundabouts. Passenger car equivalents for heavy vehicles are required to carry out capacity calculations and perform operational analysis of any road entity (roadway segments or intersections). At single-lane roundabouts, the constraints to the vehicular trajectories imposed by the curvilinear geometric design and the driver's gap acceptance behaviour are expected to produce an impact of the heavy vehicles on the quality of traffic flow diffe…

Influence of coordinated traffic lights parameters on roadside pollutant concentrations

2009

Abstract The paper examines the effects of coordinated traffic lights on CO and C 6 H 6 roadside concentrations in an urban area of Palermo in Southern Italy. Traffic loop detectors and one pollution-monitoring are used to collect data for use in DRACULA traffic microsimulator software. CO and C 6 H 6 roadside concentrations associated with varying cycle and offset times of the coordinated traffic lights are estimated using a neural network. Two functions were set up describing the relations of pollutant concentrations in term of cycle and offset time.

La renta mínima como instrumento para combatir la pobreza : el caso de la Comunidad Valenciana

2020

Recientemente, la Comunidad Valenciana ha reformado la renta mínima y ha instaurado la denominada renta valenciana de inclusión (RVI). En este trabajo realizamos una evaluación de este programa utilizando técnicas de microsimulación a partir de microdatos proporcionados por la Administración valenciana.Se hace una descripción del nuevo programa respecto a la anterior renta garantizada de ciudadanía (RGC), que ha mostrado problemas de agotamiento, y se señalan las diferencias más relevantes. A partir de los datos existentes, calculamos el coste presupuestario estimado de la RVI y los efectos de este programa en términos de pobreza y desigualdad. Aunque el gasto se incrementará respecto a la …

Calibration of Speed-Density Relationships for Freeways in Aimsun

2014

The first application of a calibration methodology which uses speed-density relationships in the microsimulation calibration process is described in this article. Traffic patterns were implemented developing speed-density relationships for empirical and simulated data. For empirical relationships reference was made to traffic data observed at A22 Freeway (Italy). Aimsun microscopic traffic simulator software was then used to obtain analogous relationships for a test freeway segment under uncongested traffic conditions. Thus on field conditions were reproduced varying some calibration parameters until a good matching between field and simulation was achieved. The closeness between empirical …

Calibrating a microscopic traffic simulation model for roundabouts using genetic algorithms

2018

The paper introduces a methodological approach based on genetic algorithms to calibrate microscopic traffic simulation models. The specific objective is to test an automated procedure utilizing genetic algorithms for assigning the most appropriate values to driver and vehicle parameters in AIMSUN. The genetic algorithm tool in MATLAB® and AIMSUN micro-simulation software were used. A subroutine in Python implemented the automatic interaction of AIMSUN with MATLAB®. Focus was made on two roundabouts selected as case studies. Empirical capacity functions based on summary random-effects estimates of critical headway and follow up headway derived from meta-analysis were used as reference for ca…

Traffic fundamentals for A22 Brenner freeway by microsimulation models.

La tesi di dottorato ha avuto come tema lo studio e l’applicazione di un modello di micro-simulazione del traffico in ambito autostradale. Essa si compone di quattro capitoli, con ognuno dei quali si è voluto sintetizzare e descrivere il lavoro di studio e ricerca svolto durante il suddetto corso di Dottorato di Ricerca. L’obiettivo principale del presente lavoro di tesi è stato quello di mettere a punto una metodologia finalizzata all’ottenimento delle relazioni fondamentali di deflusso in ambito autostradale attraverso il software di microsimulazione del traffico Aimsun. Come risulta infatti noto dalla letteratura scientifica, le relazioni fondamentali del deflusso sono utilizzate nel cam…

Capacity-based calculation of passenger car equivalents using traffic simulation at double-lane roundabouts

2018

Abstract Calculation of passenger car equivalents for heavy vehicles represents the starting point for the operational analysis of road facilities and other traffic management applications. This paper introduces a criterion to find the passenger car equivalents that reflect traffic conditions at double-lane roundabouts, where the capacity is typically estimated for each entry lane. Based on the equivalence defined by the proportion of capacity used by vehicles of different classes, the criterion implies a comparison between the capacity that would occur with a traffic demand of passenger cars only and the capacity reached beginning from a demand with a certain percentage of heavy vehicles. …

Passenger Car Equivalent for Heavy Vehicles Crossing Turbo-roundabouts

2016

Abstract Turbo-roundabouts represent an innovative scheme of modern roundabouts which provides a spiraling traffic flow and requires drivers to choose their direction before entering the intersection, since raised lane separators mark the lanes on the ring. The configuration of the turbo-roundabout makes that patterns of conflict at entries with one and two conflicting traffic streams can coexist. This paper presents research efforts aimed at measuring quantitatively the effect of heavy vehicles on operational conditions of a turbo-roundabout. The study starts from the initial belief that the greatest constraints to the vehicular trajectories imposed by the turbo-roundabout necessarily impl…