Search results for "Microstructure"

showing 10 items of 707 documents

Three-Dimensional Microstructural Properties of Nanofibrillated Cellulose Films

2014

Abstract: Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) films have potential as oxygen barriers for, e.g., food packaging applications, but their use is limited by their hygroscopic characteristics. The three-dimensional microstructure of NFC films made of Pinus radiata (Radiata Pine) kraft pulp fibres has been assessed in this study, considering the structural development as a function of relative humidity (RH). The surface roughness, micro-porosity, thickness and their correlations were analyzed using X-ray microtomography (X–μCT) and computerized image analysis. The results are compared to those from scanning electron microscopy and laser profilometry. Based on a series of films having varying amounts…

OTRMaterials scienceScanning electron microscopeSurface PropertiesNFCNanofiberstomographyCatalysisArticlenanofibrillated cellulose; NFC; oxygen transmission rate; OTR; tomography; humiditylcsh:ChemistryInorganic Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundOxygen transmission ratetomografiaSurface roughnessRelative humidityPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryCelluloseComposite materialoxygen transmission ratePorosityCelluloselcsh:QH301-705.5Molecular BiologySpectroscopyta114Organic ChemistryhumidityHumidityGeneral MedicineX-Ray MicrotomographyMicrostructurePinusComputer Science ApplicationsOxygenlcsh:Biology (General)lcsh:QD1-999chemistryMicroscopy Electron Scanningnanofibrillated cellulosePorosity
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Microstructure of ethylene-1-hexene and ethylene-1-octene copolymers obtained over Ziegler–Natta catalysts supported on MgCl 2 (THF) 2

2001

Abstract The ethylene copolymerizations with 1-hexene or 1-octene in the presence of hydrogen using three catalysts, MgCl 2 (THF) 2 /VOCl 3 /Et 2 AlCl, MgCl 2 (THF) 2 /VCl 4 /Et 2 AlCl, MgCl 2 (THF) 2 /TiCl 4 /Et 2 AlCl, were investigated. It was found that the addition of hydrogen into the copolymerization feed reduces the molecular weight of the copolymers produced and decreases the activity of all the studied catalysts. The microstructure of the copolymers obtained was determined on the basis of 13 C NMR investigations and the reactivity ratios of the comonomers were calculated. The lack of tendency of the olefin comonomers to the creation of the polymer block was confirmed. It was found…

Olefin fiberEthyleneCopolymerization of ethylene with α-olefinPolymers and PlasticsComonomerOrganic ChemistryPolyethyleneMicrostructure of copolymers1-Hexenechemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryPolymer chemistryMaterials ChemistryZiegler–Natta catalystsReactivity (chemistry)Ziegler–Natta catalyst1-OctenePolymer
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Small-core chalcogenide microstructured fibers for the infrared.

2008

International audience; We report several small-core chalcogenide microstructured fibers fabricated by the "Stack & Draw" technique from Ge(15)Sb(20)S(65) glass with regular profiles. Mode field diameters and losses have been measured at 1.55 microm. For one of the presented fibers, the pitch is 2.5 microm, three times smaller than that already obtained in our previous work, and the corresponding mode field diameter is now as small as 3.5 microm. This fiber, obtained using a two step "Stack & Draw" technique, is single-mode at 1.55 microm from a practical point of view. We also report the first measurement of the attenuation between 1 and 3.5 microm of a chalcogenide microstructured fiber. …

Optical fiberMaterials scienceChalcogenideMaterials Science (miscellaneous)02 engineering and technology01 natural sciencesIndustrial and Manufacturing Engineeringlaw.invention010309 opticsMode field diameterchemistry.chemical_compoundOpticslawpertes0103 physical sciencesFiberBusiness and International Managementnonlinéaritéfibres optiques microstructurées[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics][ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics]business.industryAttenuationMicrostructured optical fiber[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyinfrarougeverres de chalcogénureCore (optical fiber)chemistry[ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistryfibre monomode0210 nano-technologybusinessPhotonic-crystal fiber
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Accurate and broadband characterization of few-mode optical fibers using acousto-optic coupling

2015

Acousto-optic interaction in optical fibers is exploited for the accurate and broadband characterization of two-mode fibers. Differential modal index, group delay, and group-velocity dispersion is obtained. The technique is suitable for the characterization of few-mode fibers used in space-division multiplexing.

Optical fiberMaterials scienceMulti-mode optical fiberbusiness.industrySingle-mode optical fiberPhysics::OpticsMicrostructured optical fiberlaw.inventionFiber-optic communicationZero-dispersion wavelengthOpticslawDispersion (optics)businessPhotonic-crystal fiber2015 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC)
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Feasibility of Er3+-doped, Ga5Ge20Sb10S65 chalcogenide microstructured optical fiber amplifiers

2009

International audience; The feasibility of a microstructured optical fiber (MOF) amplifier, made of a novel Er3+-doped chalcogenide glass, has been demonstrated via accurate simulations performed by employing an oppositely implemented computer code. The optical and geometrical parameters measured on the first MOF sample together with other physical constants from literature have been taken into account in the simulations. The calculated optical gain of the optimized MOF amplifier, 2.79 m long, is close to 23 dB at the signal wavelength of 1.538 μm, by using a pump power of 200 mW and a signal power of 0.1 μW.

Optical fiberMaterials scienceOptical amplifiersChalcogenideChalcogenide glassRare-earth-doped materials02 engineering and technology01 natural sciences7. Clean energySignallaw.invention010309 opticschemistry.chemical_compoundOpticslaw0103 physical sciencesElectrical and Electronic EngineeringOptical amplifierbusiness.industryAmplifierMicrostructured optical fiber[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistryFibers; Optical amplifiers; Rare-earth-doped materials021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsFibersWavelengthchemistry[ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry0210 nano-technologybusiness
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Broadband Tuning of Polarization Modulation Instability in Microstructured Optical Fiber through Thermal Heating

2020

Broadband tuning of polarization modulation instability in microstructured optical fibers is reported. Tunability is achieved by simultaneous birefringence-dispersion changes through thermal heating. 906 cm-1 frequency tunability range is attained.

Optical fiberMaterials sciencebusiness.industryGeothermal heatingPhysics::OpticsMicrostructured optical fiberPolarization (waves)Instabilitylaw.inventionsymbols.namesakelawBroadbandsymbolsOptoelectronicsbusinessRefractive indexRaman scatteringOSA Advanced Photonics Congress (AP) 2020 (IPR, NP, NOMA, Networks, PVLED, PSC, SPPCom, SOF)
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Polarization Modulation Instability in All-Normal Dispersion Microstructured Optical Fibers with sub-ns Pumping

2019

The advent of microstructured optical fiber (MOF) technology gave a significant boost to research in nonlinear optics. MOFs have the advantage of high nonlinearity and designable dispersion, which makes this type of fiber an excellent platform for efficient generation of nonlinear effects. In the last years, MOFs exhibiting normal dispersion at any guiding wavelength (ANDi fibers) aroused the interest because of the possibility of using them for the generation of coherent and recompressible supercontinuum (SC) light. In this contribution, we present our recent results regarding the generation of the polarization modulation instability (PMI) effect in ANDi MOFs in the quasi-CW pump regime at…

Optical fiberMaterials sciencebusiness.industryNonlinear opticsMicrostructured optical fiberSupercontinuumlaw.inventionWavelengthlawModulationDispersion (optics)OptoelectronicsFiberbusiness2019 21st International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)
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Impact of optical and structural aging in As_2S_3 microstructured optical fibers on mid-infrared supercontinuum generation

2014

We analyze optical and structural aging in As2S3 microstructured optical fibers (MOFs) that may have an impact on mid-infrared supercontinuum generation. A strong alteration of optical transparency at the fundamental OH absorption peak is measured for high-purity As2S3 MOF stored in atmospheric conditions. The surface evolution and inherent deviation of corresponding chemical composition confirm that the optical and chemical properties of MOFs degrade upon exposure to ambient conditions because of counteractive surface process. This phenomenon substantially reduces the optical quality of the MOFs and therefore restrains the spectral expansion of generated supercontinuum. This aging process …

Optical fiberMaterials sciencebusiness.industryPhysics::OpticsMicrostructured optical fiberAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsLight scatteringSupercontinuumlaw.inventionsymbols.namesakeOpticslawsymbolsAbsorption (electromagnetic radiation)Self-phase modulationbusinessNonlinear Schrödinger equationPhotonic-crystal fiberOptics Express
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Broadband tuning of polarization modulation instability in microstructured optical fibers

2020

The wideband tuning of strong bands generated through polarization modulation instability (PMI) in microstructured optical fibers (MOFs) is reported. Tunability is achieved by exploiting the dependence of the phase-matching condition on the fiber’s chromatic dispersion and birefringence, which is particularly sensitive when the fiber is pumped near the zero-dispersion wavelength. MOFs designed to accomplish PMI phase-matching when they are infiltrated with ethanol and pumped at 1064 nm were designed and fabricated. Taking advantage of the large thermo-optic coefficient of ethanol, both chromatic dispersion and birefringence were varied through temperature. Wavelength shifts from 937 nm to 8…

Optical fiberMaterials scienceoptical fibersPhysics::Optics02 engineering and technology01 natural scienceslaw.invention010309 opticsOpticsfour wave mixinglaw:FÍSICA [UNESCO]0103 physical sciencesPhoton polarizationFiberWidebandpolarizationBirefringenceSidebandbusiness.industrynonlinear opticsUNESCO::FÍSICAmodulation instability021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsWavelengthmicrostructured optical fibers0210 nano-technologybusinessRefractive index
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Novel spectra in the supercontinuum generation with applications in the biodiversity conservation

2014

This paper presents some spectra of the supercontinuum generation obtained with microstructured fibers and tapered fiber devices excited with quasi-continuous pumps. These spectra are part of a group (collection) of multiple configurations that were studied and evaluated by our working group, and that could be very useful in LIDAR as well as bio-imaging applications. This work is limited to present some spectra that could be useful in applications of biodiversity conservation. The prototypes for specific applications will be evaluated in future research.

Optical pumpingMaterials scienceLidarbusiness.industryDispersion (optics)OptoelectronicsNonlinear opticsOptical polarizationMicrostructured optical fiberbusinessSpectral lineSupercontinuum3rd IEEE International Work-Conference on Bioinspired Intelligence
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