Search results for "Mito"
showing 10 items of 2513 documents
Asociación de genes de la cadena mitocondrial respiratoria en el desarrollo de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y parámetros relacionados
2017
Introducción: la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) es una enfermedad compleja, resultado de la combinación de factores ambientales, genéticos y adquiridos. Se ha convertido en una epidemia global que contribuye significativamente a la morbi-mortalidad prematura. Su heredabilidad es de un 70%; no obstante, los estudios realizados sólo han podido identificar una pequeña proporción de este componente genético. La cadena mitocondrial respiratoria (CMR) es esencial en el metabolismo energético y en la producción de especies reactivas del oxígeno (ROS). Un mal funcionamiento de este sistema biológico parece estar implicado en la DMT2 y otras alteraciones relacionadas (obesidad, hipertensión). Sin e…
La temática mitológica en los epigramas de Falcó
2015
Este trabajo analiza diversos aspectos relacionados con el empleo de la temática mitológica en los epigramas de Jaime Juan Falcó. Entre los dedicados en exclusiva a esta temática se hallan algunos del género ecfrástico y otros de personajes habituales en la poesía de la época como Narciso, Hero y Leandro o el Amor como personificación de Cupido. Por otra parte, en el uso de la mitología como recurso literario, Falcó aplica los términos de la religión pagana a la cristiana. This work analyzes the different ways in which mithology topics are used in the epigrams by Jaime Juan Falcó. In the group of poems dealing merely with it, some compositions belonging to the ekphrastic genre and some othe…
Cytoprotective Effect of Idebenone through Modulation of the Intrinsic Mitochondrial Pathway of Apoptosis in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells E…
2022
Idebenone is a ubiquinone short-chain synthetic analog with antioxidant properties, which is believed to restore mitochondrial ATP synthesis. As such, idebenone is investigated in numerous clinical trials for diseases of mitochondrial aetiology and it is authorized as a drug for the treatment of Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy. Mitochondria of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) are particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage associated with cellular senescence. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore idebenone’s cytoprotective effect and its underlying mechanism. We used a human-RPE cell line (ARPE-19) exposed to idebenone pre-treatment for 24 h followed by conditions …
Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 (STIM1) Is Involved in the Regulation of Mitochondrial Shape and Bioenergetics and Plays a Role in Oxidative Stress
2012
Calcium ions are involved in a plethora of cellular functions including cell death and mitochondrial energy metabolism. Store-operated Ca(2+) entry over the plasma membrane is activated by depletion of intracellular Ca(2+) stores and is mediated by the sensor STIM1 and the channel ORAI1. We compared cell death susceptibility to oxidative stress in STIM1 knock-out and ORAI1 knockdown mouse embryonic fibroblasts and in knock-out cells with reconstituted wild type and dominant active STIM1. We show that STIM1 and ORAI1 deficiency renders cells more susceptible to oxidative stress, which can be rescued by STIM1 and ORAI1 overexpression. STIM1 knock-out mitochondria are tubular, have a higher Ca…
PET Imaging of the Impact of Extracellular pH and MAP Kinases on the p-Glycoprotein (Pgp) Activity
2012
The functional activity of p-glycoprotein (Pgp) can be increased in vitro by an extracellular acidosis via activation of MAP kinases (p38, ERK1/2). In order to study these effects in vivo a new (68)Ga-labeled PET tracer was developed which serves as a substrate of the Pgp and therefore indirectly mirrors the Pgp activity. For in vivo studies, experimental tumors were imaged under acidic conditions (inspiratory hypoxia, injection of lactic acid) and during inhibition of MAP kinases in a μ-PET system. In vitro, [(68)Ga]MFL6.MZ showed an accumulation within the cells of about 20% which was increased to 30% by Pgp inhibition. In solid tumors a marked tracer uptake was observed showing spatial h…
Towards the standardization of mitochondrial proteomics: the Italian mt-HPP initiative
2017
The mitochondrial Human Proteome Project aims at understanding the function of the mitochondrial proteome and its crosstalk with the proteome of other organelles. Being able to choose a suitable and validated enrichment protocol of functional mitochondria, based on the specific needs of the downstream proteomics analysis, would greatly help the researchers in the field. Mitochondrial fractions from ten model cell lines were prepared using three enrichment protocols and analyzed on seven different LC-MS/MS platforms. All data were processed using neXtProt as reference database. The data are available for the Human Proteome Project purposes through the ProteomeXchange Consortium with the iden…
Immunoaffinity purification and characterization of mitochondrial membrane-bound D-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase from Jaculus orientalis.
2008
Abstract Background The interconversion of two important energy metabolites, 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate (the major ketone bodies), is catalyzed by D-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH1: EC 1.1.1.30), a NAD+-dependent enzyme. The eukaryotic enzyme is bound to the mitochondrial inner membrane and harbors a unique lecithin-dependent activity. Here, we report an advanced purification method of the mammalian BDH applied to the liver enzyme from jerboa (Jaculus orientalis), a hibernating rodent adapted to extreme diet and environmental conditions. Results Purifying BDH from jerboa liver overcomes its low specific activity in mitochondria for further biochemical characterization of the e…
Healthy mitochondria for stroke cells.
2018
Stroke is a debilitating disease that remains as a significant unmet need. Although our understanding of the disease pathology has advanced over the years, treatment options for stroke are limited. Recent studies have implicated the important role of healthy mitochondria in neuroprotection against stroke. Under the stroke pathological condition, transfer of healthy mitochondria is observed from astrocytes to ischemic neurons. However, without additional therapeutic intervention, such astrocyte-to-neuron transfer of mitochondria may not sufficiently afford a robust and stable therapeutic effect against the devastating primary insult and progressive neurodegeneration associated with stroke. W…
Advancing stem cells: New therapeutic strategies for treating central nervous system disorders
2018
In this special issue, we explore new methods and knowledge to improve stem cell transplantation in diseases and conditions such as stroke, PD, and depression. Advancing the conventional idea regarding cell replacement in stem cell therapy, stem cells may also transfer healthy mitochondria to diseased ischemic neurons in stroke and improve the therapeutic time window of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in a conjunctive therapy for stroke, and human Wharton’s Jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hWJ-MSCs) may rely mainly on trophic factor secretion to induce neuroprotective effects. In addition, trophic factors such as neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic …
Complement Protein C1q Binds to Hyaluronic Acid in the Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Microenvironment and Promotes Tumor Growth
2017
C1q is the first recognition subcomponent of the complement classical pathway, which acts towards the clearance of pathogens and apoptotic cells. C1q is also known to modulate a range of functions of immune and non-immune cells, including their involvement in placental development and sensorial synaptic pruning. We have recently shown that C1q can promote tumour by encouraging their adhesion, migration and proliferation in addition to angiogenesis and metastasis. In this study, we have examined the role of C1q in the microenvironment of malignant pleuric mesothelioma (MPM), a rare form of cancer commonly associated with exposure to asbestos. We found that C1q was highly expressed in all MPM…