Search results for "Mitochondria"

How hypothalamic mitochondria translate the energy status of the boby

2017

CHARACTERIZATION AND ENERGETIC METABOLISM ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT POPULATIONS OF UMBILICAL CORD MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS FOR THE TREATMENT OF STROKE

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. A direct consequence of oxygen and glucose deprivation during stroke is the dysfunction of mitochondria that impairs oxidative metabolism and contributes to oxidative stress, neuronal death and inflammation. Human umbilical cord (UC)-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) are an attractive source for regenerative medicine purposes due to their self-renewal and multipotent differentiation potential, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory abilities. Notably, because UC is supplied from only three blood vessels, the UC-MSCs are physiologically adapted to survive in a relatively hypoxic and glucose poor environment leading to the hypothesis that thes…

Functions of the translation factor eIF5A in cellular metabolism and transcriptional control

2023

El factor de inicio de traducción de eucariotas 5A (eIF5A) es una proteína esencial y conservada con funciones en las tres fases de la traducción. eIF5A está codificado por dos genes parálogos, TIF51A/TIF51B y EIF5A1/EIF5A2 en levadura y humanos respectivamente. eIF5A es la única proteína que contiene hipusina, una modificación esencial para su actividad, y se une a los ribosomas para facilitar la traducción de motivos con prolinas consecutivas o combinaciones de prolina con glicina y aminoácidos cargados. eIF5A participa en otras funciones y procesos como exporte de mRNAs nucleares, proliferación y apoptosis. Su asociación con enfermades como el cáncer es de interés. En esta tesis se han u…

Intramyocellular topography of lipid droplets and OXPAT in obesity and type II diabetes

2010

Nowadays in the westernized world, high caloric diet and sedentarism are driving populations to accumulate ectopic fat, especially in skeletal muscle. Such is associated with the development of insulin resistance (IR) related metabolic diseases, as type II diabetes (T2D) and obesity (OB). Like IR individuals, athletes also show high intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) contents, denoting qualitative rather than quantitative differences between insulin sensitive (IS) and IR individuals IMCL. PAT proteins and OXPAT specifically, are among the main regulators of lipid droplets (LDs) in skeletal muscle. We hypothesized that different IS profiles are distinguishable through LD and OXPAT localization a…

Mitochondrial function and sirtuin expression in hippocampus of young and old high- and low-capacity runner rats

2016

Introduction: Exercise and aerobic capacity are associated with improved learning in animals and humans. The hippocampus is a brain structure involved in learning and memory. High rates of neurogenesis have been shown to take place in the dental gyrus of hippocampus in response to physical exercise. It is not known whether mitochondrial dysfunction in the hippocampus is responsible for decline in cognitive function associated with low fitness level and aging, and whether intrinsic aerobic capacity is a risk factor for it. Methods: Mitochondrial function was investigated in the hippocampi of young and old highcapacity runner (HCR) and low-capacity runner (LCR) rats using high-performance res…

Effects of high-fat diet and physical activity on pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 in mouse skeletal muscle

2012

Background. The expression of PDK4 is elevated by diabetes, fasting and other conditions associated with the switch from the utilization of glucose to fatty acids as an energy source. It is previously shown that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), a master regulator of energy metabolism, coactivates in cell lines pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK4) gene expression via the estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα). We investigated the effects of long-term high-fat diet and physical activity on the expression of PDK4, PGC-1α and ERRα and the amount and function of mitochondria in skeletal muscle. Methods. Insulin resistance was induced by a high-fat (HF) diet for…

Mutacje w mitochondrialnym DNA i reaktywne formy tlenu jako czynniki wpływające na procesy starzenia się komórek i organizmów

2016

MITOCHONDRIA DURING SEA URCHIN OVOGENESIS

2009

Mitochondrial DNA deletion and male infertility

2010

MITOCHONDRIAL DNA DELETIONS AND MALE INFERTILITY Salerno Barbara, Gerardi Eliana and Elena Carra Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo,Università di Palermo Viale delle Scienze, Palermo, Italy; In men, oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, teratozoospermia and azoospermia are the main causes of infertility. The present research is aimed to investigate if mtDNA deletions can cause sperm defects in idiopathic astenozoospermic patients with different sperm motility and sperm concentration. The aim of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that whole sperm samples with lower levels of motility would have a higher incidence of spermatozoa with deletions in mitochondrial genome…

Mitochondrial cannabinoid receptors gate corticosterone impact on novel object recognition

2023

: Corticosteroid-mediated stress responses require the activation of complex brain circuits involving mitochondrial activity, but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are scantly known. The endocannabinoid system is implicated in stress coping, and it can directly regulate brain mitochondrial functions via type 1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptors associated with mitochondrial membranes (mtCB1). In this study, we show that the impairing effect of corticosterone in the novel object recognition (NOR) task in mice requires mtCB1 receptors and the regulation of mitochondrial calcium levels in neurons. Different brain circuits are modulated by this mechanism to mediate the impact of cortico…