Search results for "Modélisation"
showing 10 items of 222 documents
Residential satisfaction and spatial configurations in a periurban area
2011
Since the 1960s, French cities are concerned with an urban sprawl process. This urban sprawl leads to the emergence of a particular space located at the interface between the city and the countryside: the periurban. The social, morphological or the spatial practices of its inhabitants give the suburban a particular singularity and specificity. It is a space of contradiction that attracts both because of the "natural" living environment that it provides to households, but also because of its proximity to the city and the opportunities related to accessibility to various urban amenities.To understand more precisely this enthusiasm for periurban areas, this thesis proposes to explore the indiv…
Modèle de simulation à double-agent du processus de développement résidentiel : une approche institutionnelle pour expliquer la forme spatiale des dé…
2013
This thesis presents PARDISIM, a simulation model that takes an institutionaleconomic approach in the simulation of the residential development process.Rather then modelling the residential development as the result of locationchoices at household level, PARDISIM focusses on the objectives and interac-tions of development actors. The idea behind this approach is that developmentactors, including public planning authorities, play an important role in the pro-cess of residential development. The model is top-down whereas the most recentefforts by other scholars focus instead on a bottom-up approach. Initial testingshows that PARDISIM is capable of producing realistic spatial patterns.
Effective simulation model and new control strategy to improve energy efficiency in hybrid electric land vehicle
2014
The main objectives of this work is to develop an effective modeling method for an easydeployment of a control strategy, to review and study an optimal control strategy for a specific application, and to analyze improvement that can be effected to engine for better efficiency in hybrid vehicle architecture. The scopes of this work include the simulation part of the studied system and its validation with experimental results. Study cases are used to analyze optimization that can be effected to the original system. A well established optimization tool is chosen to optimize the actual control strategy and becomes a benchmark of a new optimal control strategy to be deployed in the system. A pre…
Contributions of statistical modelling for the understanding of the nivo-glaciological dynamics of a small arctic glacial basin (Austre Lovén glacier…
2021
Since the middle of the 19th century, the Earth has experienced a climate shift marked by a high rise in temperature (+ 0.85 °C over the period 1880-2012). The Arctic is the region of the world that is warming the most rapidly, at a rate of 2 to 3 times faster than the global average. In this context, all components of the Arctic cryosphere are experiencing a change in their dynamics. Because of their direct links with the atmosphere, glaciers are among the best indicators of these climate variations. Like other glaciers on the globe, the glaciers of Svalbard, which cover 60% of the archipelago’s surface, have been retreating since the end of the Little Ice Age. This retreat, which is refle…
Computational analysis of a multi-varied biomimetic neural network
2021
In recent years, astrocytes have emerged as such elements involved in inter-neuronal communication that they are increasingly considered in the synaptic coupling connecting neurons and synapses, thus constituting tripartite synapses. Many studies have focused on this astrocytic influence. With the description of the basic mechanisms of synapses, as well as the influence of gliotransmission, we emphasize that gliotransmission to extra-synaptic areas has so far been mainly studied in vivo and in vitro. We come closer to the paradigms used in AI, by proposing an analysis of the astrocyte influence on the variations of the parameters governing synaptic and extra-synaptic plasticity.We sought to…
Knowledge-based modelling applied to synucleinopathies
2015
International audience; The adoption of telemedicine technologies has enabled collaborative programs involving a variety of links among distributed medical structures and health officials and professionals. The use for telemedicine for transmission of medical data and the possibility for several distant physicians to share their knowledge on given medical cases provides clear benefits, but also raises several unsolved conceptual and technical challenges. The seamless exchange and access of medical information between medical structures, health professionals, and patients is a prerequisite for the harmonious development of this new medical practice. This paper proposes a new approach of sema…
Le Comportement du Public de Théâtre : une Proposition de Modélisation
1996
Représenter les dynamiques urbaines de Tours antique et médiéval
2012
ToToPI, for Topography of Tours Pre-Industrial, is a GIS for studying of the city of Tours (France) in large time span. The aim of this paper is to explain how GIS is used for historical data processing to understand time-space dynamics. The proposed principle for understanding the urban dynamic is based on considering the town as a set of complex objects, taking a systemic approach. The town system used to study the urban fabric over large time spans is composed of three sub-systems relating to historical objects from the level of the excavation to that of the former urban space: function (social use), space (location, surface area and morphology) and time (dating, duration and chronology)…
Approche géographique des approvissionnements en plaquettes foréstières des chaufferies du secteur collectif/tertiaire : application au Pays Loue-Lis…
2011
In a context of strong increase of fuelwood demand in the collective sector, the supply issue becomes central to all stakeholders, raising many issues relating to land and forestry planning, local development, environment ... Meanwhile, questions emerge: how much energy can be mobilized sustainably? Does the spatial and structural configuration of forests influence the supply process? Do we seek to minimize transport distances? Can we observe spatial competition between the boilers ? To understand the current organization of supplies, we analyzed two sets of data traceability of wood chips. Then, we have developed a model of local supply basins, considering constraints of renewability of th…