Search results for "Modélisation"
showing 10 items of 222 documents
Modélisation: la rente foncière dépend aussi du climat
2014
National audience; Consciemment ou pas, en choisissant leur localisation d'habitat, les ménages font intervenir le facteur climatique. En étudiant, toutes choses égales par ailleurs, les marchés immobiliers, des chercheurs mesurent le prix que les Français accordent de facto au climat.
Matrices de pondérations et contexte spatio-temporel en économétrie spatiale
2013
International audience
Measurements of diachronic stability of agrarian exploitation
2007
International audience; Off-site material has two main interesting properties which are that it is spatially continuous and diachronic. Such data can be used to estimate how ancient societies invested in a space in terms of intensity, durability and stability, over the long term. This micro-analysis is based on a precise record of off-site material based on collection units which never exceed five hectares. Each off-site sherd was dated and attributed to one of seven chronological phases. Three new indicators are proposed to measure the level of investment of ancient societies. The computing and mapping of these indicators was done using GIS software. The data used in this paper come mainly…
Ville et mobilité durable : une évaluation par la simulation
2013
International audience; Depuis les publications de Newman et Kenworthy (1989) sur la consommation énergétique induite par les déplacements, un débat controversé s'est installé à propos des stratégies de transport et de développement urbains. De nombreux auteurs ont pointé du doigt l'étalement urbain et proposé une ville compacte et dense, mettant en avant le fait qu'elle (i) favorise l'utilisation des transports publics, (ii) permet une bonne accessibilité aux commerces et services et (iii) réduit la ségrégation sociale (Dantzig et Saaty, 1973). D'autres (Banister, 1992 ; Breheny, 1992, 1997 ; Owens, 1992) ont par contre émit des doutes sur l'efficacité de ces politiques en montrant que la …
Extension des méthodes de géométrie algorithmique aux structures fractales
2013
Defining shapes by iteration allows us to generate new structures with specific properties (roughness,lacunarity), which cannot be achieved with classic modelling.For developing an iterative modeller to design fractals described by a BCIFS, we developed a set oftools and algorithms that permits one to evaluate, to characterize and to analyse different geometricproperties (localisation, convex hull, volume, fractal dimension) of fractals. We identified properties ofstandard CAD operations (intersection, union, offset, . . . ) allowing us to approximate them for fractalsand also to optimize these approximation algorithms.In some cases, it is possible to construct a CIFS with generalised HUTCH…
Optimisation d’un capteur solaire double passe à air et estimation des échanges de chaleur paroi-fluide.
2018
In this work, we present a study of the performance of a double pass flat solar collector for the production of hot air to supply and improve drying techniques. The cases of an absorber with and without fins are analyzed.Theoretical models for the double pass solar collector with and without fins have been established and solved numerically using codes developed in Fortran to obtain a global approach. Comsol Multi-physics code is used for a more local study. An experimental device has been designed to validate the results obtained numerically. One of the particularities of the solar collector developed in the laboratory is its insulation system. For this, a local bio-sourced material compos…
Etude expérimentale et modélisation thermodynamique du système CaO-SiO2-(Al2O3)-H2O
2012
The aim of this work is to build a thermodynamic model at 25°C to describe the main hydrates of ordinary Portland cement with or without supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) : calcium hydrosilicates. With high aluminium content, SCM in blended cements modify the nature and the composition of the hydrates of cement paste.The simplified model system CaO-SiO2-H2O was studied by synthesising of C-S-H with identical protocol and analysis. We distinguished, hydration solutions undersaturated and supersaturated from Portlandite.This last system has been extended to CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O system. Then, we determined the most suitable protocol to synthesize pure C-A-S-H.The nanoparticular nature a…
Modélisation numérique d'assemblages collés : application à la réparation de structures en composites
2013
This study is one part of a program of research with regard to the repair of composite structure with extern bonded-patches. The principal objectives of this program are, on one side, the identification of all the factors susceptible to influence the long-term performance of this type of repair, on the other, to determine the extent to which the use of such assemblage can be proved to be an optimal solution. The conception of such a system needs essentially the development of a tool of simulation and of robust prediction because various mechanisms of damage can take place in a very complex way and the final fracture of the system arise from the propagation of damage zones. This study consis…
SIGA3D : modélisation, échange et visualisation d'objets 3D du bâtiment et d'objets urbains géoréférencés ; application aux IFC pour la gestion techn…
2012
This thesis defines a new approach in urban and building facility management. A production and information management process of the building, its immediate environment and urban objects has been defined. It allows to manage these objects throughout their life cycle, in a concept called Urban Facility Management. This technology relies on an Urban Information Model to model all the information of cities and buildings in a dynamic and evolutive ontology. A mechanism for geometric and semantic levels of detail has also been defined to support the scalability of such a system. Indeed, the number of objects to be managed in a scene, compared to a building modeling system, is much higher, as the…