Search results for "Modélisation"
showing 10 items of 222 documents
Prospects of territorial intelligence tool Catalyse according to governance
2013
Catalysis method has been developed since 1989 as a scientific tool for territorial intelligence and governance. It is currently undergoing major adjustments that are presented in this paper. Catalysis was immediately concerted as a tool for territorial stakeholders' cooperation and citizen participation in local initiatives . It allows a stakeholder partnership to confront the needs of a given population with resource inventory and indicators of a territory as to predict and assess the evolution of these elements. It mobilized for this purpose a set of basic project management and and evaluation techniques, survey processing , data analysis and spatial information. It includes tools for ac…
Evolution de la circulation oécanique profonde durant le Crétacé : apport des isotopes du néodyme
2014
The Cretaceous is depicted as the warmest period of the last 300 Ma. The oceanic circulation and location of the source zones of deep-waters are essential to understand the role of oceans in the evolution of the climate during the Cretaceous, yet they remain unclear for this period. The neodymium (Nd) isotopes are used to track oceanic circulation and exchanges between water masses, in both past and modern oceans. The Nd isotope composition (εNd) in the ocean is related to the nature of the surrounding continental landmasses. The oceanic currents transport this isotopic signature, thus every oceanic basin acquires a singular εNd. Unequivocal interpretations of the Cretaceous seawater εNd va…
Traitement 3D de nuages de points basé sur la connaissance
2013
The modeling of real-world scenes through capturing 3D digital data has proven to be both useful andapplicable in a variety of industrial and surveying applications. Entire scenes are generally capturedby laser scanners and represented by large unorganized point clouds possibly along with additionalphotogrammetric data. A typical challenge in processing such point clouds and data lies in detectingand classifying objects that are present in the scene. In addition to the presence of noise, occlusionsand missing data, such tasks are often hindered by the irregularity of the capturing conditions bothwithin the same dataset and from one data set to another. Given the complexity of the underlying…
Note on the ranking of fuzzy numbers: conditions for a total order relation
1988
It is well-known that the set of fuzzy numbers is not ordered. The author states the conditions which have to be satisfied so that the problem of ranking fuzzy numbers has a solution. In fact, the subset of fuzzy numbers, the elements of which are strictly defined and continuous,is endowed with a total order relation.
Climatic gradients along the windward slopes of Mount Kenya and their implication for crop risks. Part 2 : crop sensitivity.
2016
16 pages; International audience; Mount Kenya is an equatorial mountain whose climatic setting is fairly simple (two rainy seasons in March–May, the Long Rains, and October–December, the Short Rains) though concealing significant spatial variations related to elevation and aspect (part I, Camberlin et al., 2014). This part II is dedicated to the sensitivity of sorghum yields to climate variability in space and time, with a focus on the intra-seasonal characteristics of the rainy seasons. To that aim we use the crop model SARRA-H calibrated for the region and fed with rainfall, temperature, wind speed, humidity and solar radiation data over the period 1973–2001 at three stations located on t…
The compliance modelling of the pathology aorta of the type of aneurism
2015
The Abdominal Aorta Aneurysm (AAA) is a pathology that is defined by a localized and permanent dilation of the artery and which involves over 8.8% of the seniors. Currently, when a patient has a dilatation of the aorta leading to a surgery because of the rupture risk, the therapeutic decision is made depending on the diameter of the aneurysm. To determine this diameter, it is usually conducted an examination by medical imaging (ultrasound, CT, MRI...). However, it notes that the diagnosis can’t be satisfied with a single dimensional measurement face to induced risks: first of all, when the diameter exceed a certain growth, the risk of rupture can reach 50% but more than 5% of surgical proce…
Analyse géographique et évaluation économique des paysages périurbains
2006
Dans le but d'évaluer le prix hédoniste de paysage périurbains nous réalisons une modélisation des paysages qui permet de quantifier et de qualifier le paysage comme un volume scénique offert à la vue d'un observateur qui regarde tout autour de lui.
Paysage & [et] infrastructures de transport : modélisation des impacts des infrastructures sur les réseaux écologiques
2013
The development of linear infrastructures leads to the fragmentation and the artificialisation of the landscape across scales. Landscape fragmentation is a spatial process that is accompanied by a progressive decrease of the connectivity between the elements needed to conduct ecological processes. Thus, maintaining a good level of connectivity between natural habitats, compatible with human activities, has become a major issue for the preservation of biodiversity.By mobilizing methods from graph theory and landscape ecology, the thesis seeks to demonstrate the value of landscape graphs to model ecological networks and analyze impacts of transportation infrastructures at regional scale.The m…
Synthetic evaluation of territorial sustainability : strengths and weaknesses of modeling in the planning process
2017
This thesis work is based on issues aimed at assessing the impacts of planning decisions in the light of the imperatives of sustainable development. Beyond the vagueness that often emerges from this concept, the aim here is to reflect on a better balance to be found between the three fields generally identified as pillars of sustainable development: the economic, the social and the environmental. The objective is part of the following reflection: how to evaluate the impacts of management policies in each of these three pillars, and what conclusions to draw from them? The aim here is to provide answers by assessing the performance of the territories studied in these three pillars of sustaina…
Discursive organisation of tourist guided tours : contributional theorisation and valorisation of a professional praxis
2016
The discourse produced in a guided tour stems from different communicative modalities which include the visit assisted by a socio-technical device and the visit guided by an education and visitor service officer. These two modalities show common characteristics of a guided tour; they also offer significant differences. These differences allow us to compile a corpus divided according to its modalities of production and the languages: written text by professionals of the tourism sector, in French and in Spanish. Several issues arise such as the genre taxonomy of the discourse linked to the specific field studied, the unit of the text segmentation which has to free itself from the scriptural o…