Search results for "Mod"
showing 10 items of 39605 documents
Age reduces resistance and tolerance in malaria-infected mice.
2021
7 pages; International audience; Once infected, hosts can rely on two strategies to cope with parasites: fight them (resist the infection) or minimize the damage they induce (tolerate the infection). While there is evidence that aging reduces resistance, how tolerance varies as hosts become old has been barely studied. Here, we used a rodent malaria parasite (Plasmodium yoelii) to investigate whether 2- and 12-month old house mice differ in their capacity to resist and tolerate the infection. We found that 12-month old mice harbored higher parasitemia, showing that age reduces resistance to malaria. Infection-induced deterioration of host health was assessed using red blood cell and body ma…
Are moxifloxacin and levofloxacin equally effective to treat XDR tuberculosis?
2017
International audience; Background: Moxifloxacin retains partial activity against some fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Levofloxacin is presumed to be as active as moxifloxacin against drug-susceptible tuberculosis and to have a better safety profile.Objectives: To compare the in vivo activity of levofloxacin and moxifloxacin against M. tuberculosis strains with various levels of fluoroquinolone resistance.Methods: BALB/c mice were intravenously infected with 106M. tuberculosis H37Rv and three isogenic mutants: GyrA A90V, GyrB E540A and GyrB A543V. Treatment with 50 or 100 mg/kg levofloxacin and 60 or 66 mg/kg moxifloxacin was given orally every 6 h, for 4 we…
Studying nerve transfers: Searching for a consensus in nerve axons count
2021
Axonal count is the base for efficient nerve transfer; despite its capital importance, few studies have been published on human material, most research approaches being performed on experimental animal models of nerve injury. Thus, standard analysis methods are still lacking. Quantitative data obtained have to be reproducible and comparable with published data by other research groups. To share results with the scientific community, the standardization of quantitative analysis is a fundamental step. For this purpose, the experiences of the Italian, Austrian, German, Greek, and Iberian-Latin American groups have been compared with each other and with the existing literature to reach a consen…
Triptans and CGRP blockade - impact on the cranial vasculature.
2017
Abstract The trigeminovascular system plays a key role in the pathophysiology of migraine. The activation of the trigeminovascular system causes release of various neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, including serotonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which modulate pain transmission and vascular tone. Thirty years after discovery of agonists for serotonin 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors (triptans) and less than fifteen after the proof of concept of the gepant class of CGRP receptor antagonists, we are still a long way from understanding their precise site and mode of action in migraine. The effect on cranial vasculature is relevant, because all specific anti-migraine drugs and mig…
Mechanisms of Hierarchical Cortical Maturation
2017
Cortical information processing is structurally and functionally organized into hierarchical pathways, with primary sensory cortical regions providing modality specific information and associative cortical regions playing a more integrative role. Historically, there has been debate as to whether primary cortical regions mature earlier than associative cortical regions, or whether both primary and associative cortical regions mature simultaneously. Identifying whether primary and associative cortical regions mature hierarchically or simultaneously will not only deepen our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate brain maturation, but it will also provide fundamental insight into aspects…
The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ modulates oxidative stress, inflammation and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in leukocytes isolated fr…
2016
It is not known if the mitochondria-targeted antioxidants such as mitoquinone (MitoQ) can modulate oxidative stress and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in T2D patients. We aimed to evaluate the beneficial effect of MitoQ on oxidative stress parameters and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in leukocytes of T2D patients. The study population consisted of 98 T2D patients and 71 control subjects. We assessed metabolic and anthropometric parameters, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX-1), NFκB-p65, TNFα and leukocyte-endothelium interactions. Diabetic patients exhibited higher weight, BMI, waist circumference, SBP, DBP, glucose, insulin, HOMA…
Insulin Resistance in PCOS Patients Enhances Oxidative Stress and Leukocyte Adhesion: Role of Myeloperoxidase
2016
Cardiovascular diseases and oxidative stress are related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and insulin resistance (IR). We have evaluated the relationship between myeloperoxidase (MPO) and leukocyte activation in PCOS patients according to homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), and have explored a possible correlation between these factors and endocrine and inflammatory parameters. This was a prospective controlled study conducted in an academic medical center. The study population consisted of 101 PCOS subjects and 105 control subjects. We divided PCOS subjects into PCOS non-IR (HOMA-IR2.5). Metabolic and anthropometric parameters, total and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (…
Diverse relations between ABC transporters and lipids: An overview.
2016
It was first discovered in 1992 that P-glycoprotein (Pgp, ABCB1), an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter, can transport phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine, -ethanolamine and -serine as well as glucosylceramide and glycosphingolipids. Subsequently, many other ABC transporters were identified to act as lipid transporters. For substrate transport by ABC transporters, typically a classic, alternating access model with an ATP-dependent conformational switch between a high and a low affinity substrate binding site is evoked. Transport of small hydrophilic substrates can easily be imagined this way, as the molecule can in principle enter and exit the transporter in the same orientation. …
The malate sensing two-component system MaeKR is a non-canonical class of sensory complex for C4-dicarboxylates
2017
16 páginas, 7 figuras, 2 tablas
Critical amino acids for the insecticidal activity of Vip3Af from Bacillus thuringiensis: Inference on structural aspects
2018
AbstractVip3 vegetative insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis are an important tool for crop protection against caterpillar pests in IPM strategies. While there is wide consensus on their general mode of action, the details of their mode of action are not completely elucidated and their structure remains unknown. In this work the alanine scanning technique was performed on 558 out of the total of 788 amino acids of the Vip3Af1 protein. From the 558 residue substitutions, 19 impaired protein expression and other 19 substitutions severely compromised the insecticidal activity against Spodoptera frugiperda. The latter 19 substitutions mainly clustered in two regions of the protein …