Search results for "Model"

Multi-Scale Modelling of Segmentation : Effect of Music Training and Experimental Task

2016

While listening to music, people, often unwittingly, break down musical pieces into constituent chunks such as verses and choruses. Music segmentation studies have suggested that some consensus regarding boundary perception exists, despite individual differences. However, neither the effects of experimental task (i.e. realtime vs annotated segmentation), nor of musicianship on boundary perception are clear. Our study assesses musicianship effects and differences between segmentation tasks. We conducted a real-time task experiment to collect segmentations by musicians and non-musicians from 9 musical pieces; in a second experiment on non-realtime segmentation, musicians indicated boundaries …

Being active in pregnancy: Theory-based factors associated with physical activity among pregnant women.

2018

ABSTRACTAlthough regular physical activity is recommended for pregnant women, compared to pre-pregnancy, antenatal physical activity often reduces or ceases completely. Drawing from the theory of planned behavior, self-determination theory, and theory on self-control, we aimed to test an integrative model of physical activity in a sample of pregnant women. The current study was conducted in Brisbane, Australia, in 2014–2015 using a prospective-correlational design with a one-week follow-up. Participants (N = 207, Time 1; Meanage = 30.03 years, SDage = 4.49 years) completed an initial survey measuring: intrinsic motivation from the self-determination theory, social cognitive constructs from …

The trans-contextual model of motivation : an integrated multi-theory model to explain the processes of motivational transfer across context

2014

Sense of quality of life and self-discrepancy - differences between social science and technology students

2020

The main purpose of the research is to determine personality predictors related to a new model of the sense of quality of life in a diverse group of students. The study is based on the self-discrepancy theory developed by Higgins, and the Personality and Axiological Model developed by Mróz. Method. Sixty four (64) pedagogy students and 62 electrical engineering students were the subjects of the research. The Adjective Check List test (ACL), the Modified Quality of Life Questionnaire as well as interview and observation were applied in the research. Results. Individuals with low self-discrepancy achieved significantly better results in Competences, Relationships, and Autonomy as part of the …

Recalled parental rearing style, self-esteem, and psychopathological symptoms in the general population

2020

The enduring impact of perceived parental behavior on self-esteem as well as anxiety and depression in adults is still unknown. In a large random route sample (age range 18?92), 4,747 subjects were asked to complete questionnaires about recalled parental rearing, selfesteem, anxiety, and depression. Structural equation modeling was used, and the data from the mother and the father version of the FEE (a questionnaire for recalled parental rearing) were analyzed separately. A model proposing that self-esteem mediates the relationship between parental behavior and psychopathological symptoms fits the data rather well (CFI = .95, RMSEA = .05, TLI = .94). Hence, the recalled authoritative parent…

Prosociality and life satisfaction: A daily-diary investigation among Spanish university students

2018

Abstract With a diary study, we tested the positive effect of prosociality on life satisfaction. Fifty-six Spanish undergraduate students (45 females; Mage = 21.08 years) rated their life satisfaction, prosociality, self-esteem, and physical appearance for 5 consecutive days. Multilevel results indicated that within-individual positive deviations in prosociality (i.e., behaving more prosocial than usual) were uniquely and significantly associated with higher life satisfaction on that specific day. Students' self-esteem, physical appearance, and positive daily events were also predictive of life satisfaction. Exploratory analyses revealed that the positive effect of prosociality on life sati…

Risk Factors for Parental Burnout among Finnish Parents: The Role of Socially Prescribed Perfectionism

2019

Abstract Objectives Although parental burnout can have detrimental consequences to families, the investigation of the syndrome is still in its infancy. The present study investigated what are the key family background variables that contribute to parental burnout among Finnish parents. Moreover, we investigated how self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism uniquely and interactively relate to parental burnout over and above the impacts of background variables. Methods Questionnaire-based data was collected from 1725 parents (91% mothers) and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results The results showed that when several family- and child-related background variable…

The myth of cognitive agency: subpersonal thinking as a cyclically recurring loss of mental autonomy

2018

This metatheoretical paper investigates mind wandering from the perspective of philosophy of mind. It has two central claims. The first is that, on a conceptual level, mind wandering can be fruitfully described as a specific form of mental autonomy loss. The second is that, given empirical constraints, most of what we call “conscious thought” is better analyzed as a subpersonal process that more often than not lacks crucial properties traditionally taken to be the hallmark of personal-level cognition - such as mental agency, explicit, consciously experienced goal-directedness, or availability for veto control. I claim that for roughly two thirds of our conscious life-time we do not possess …

The embodied self, the pattern theory of self, and the predictive mind

2018

Do we have to presuppose a self to account for human self-consciousness? If so, how should we characterize the self? These questions are discussed in the context of two alternatives, i.e., the no-self position held by \(\textit {Metzinger (2003, 2009)}\) and the claim that the only self we have to presuppose is a narrative self \(\textit {(Dennett, 1992; Schechtman, 2007; Hardcastle, 2008)}\) which is primarily an abstract entity. In contrast to these theories, I argue that we have to presuppose an embodied self, although this is not a metaphysical substance, nor an entity for which stable necessary and jointly sufficient conditions can be given. Self-consciousness results from an integrati…

Why know myself? Flexible behaviour and the need for self-modelling: Poster

2021

In this paper I argue that some forms of the capacity for behavioural flexibility entail a specific kind of representation, a self-model. This means that systems with that capacity, among them human beings, must have self-models. In its basic form, the capacity for behavioural flexibility allows a system to respond to the same sensory stimulus differentially, depending on the values of parameters with which it represents the world. On seeing a street, I might cycle straight ahead or take a sharp turn left – depending on whether I represent it to blocked off just around the corner. More advanced forms expand on this. Self-models are a form of self-representation in which states are represent…