Search results for "Models"

showing 10 items of 8211 documents

Synchronization of optical photons for quantum information processing

2015

We observe the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference via homodyne tomography on two photons extracted from two quantum memories.

PhotonFOS: Physical sciencesquantum memory02 engineering and technology01 natural scienceshomodyne measurementOpticsquantum state tomographySpontaneous parametric down-conversionparametric down conversion0103 physical sciencesQuantum information processingWigner distribution functionWigner functionHumansHong–Ou–Mandel effectquantum optics010306 general physicsResearch ArticlesQuantum opticsPhysicsQuantum PhysicsHong-Ou-Mandel effectPhotonsMultidisciplinaryconcatenated cavitybusiness.industrySciAdv r-articlesOpticsQuantum tomographyModels Theoretical021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyQubitQuantum Theorysingle photonPhotonicsQuantum Physics (quant-ph)0210 nano-technologybusinessResearch ArticleScience Advances
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Electronic Excitation Energy Transfer between Two Single Molecules Embedded in a Polymer Host

2007

Unidirectional electronic excitation energy transfer from a photoexcited donor chromophore to a ground state acceptor chromophore - both linked by a rigid bridge - has been investigated by low temperature high-resolution single molecule spectroscopy. Our approach allows for accurately accessing static disorder in the donor and acceptor electronic transitions and to calculate the spectral overlap for each couple. By plotting the experimentally determined transfer rates against the spectral overlap, we can distinguish and quantify Förster- and non-Förster-type contributions to the energy transfer.

PhotonMaterials scienceGeneral Physics and Astronomy02 engineering and technologyImides010402 general chemistry01 natural sciences7. Clean energyCondensed Matter::Materials ScienceFluorescence Resonance Energy TransferPolymethyl MethacrylateMoleculeComputer SimulationPhysics::Chemical Physicschemistry.chemical_classificationPhotonsQuantitative Biology::BiomoleculesPhysics::Biological PhysicsPolymerChromophore021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyAcceptor0104 chemical sciencesEnergy TransferModels ChemicalchemistryAtomic electron transition[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph]Atomic physics0210 nano-technologyGround stateExcitationPhysical Review Letters
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Gamma Ray Spectrum from Thermal Neutron Capture on Gadolinium-157

2018

International audience; We have measured the |$\gamma$|-ray energy spectrum from the thermal neutron capture, |${}^{157}$|Gd|$(n,\gamma)$|⁠, on an enriched |$^{157}$|Gd target (Gd|$_{2}$|O|$_{3}$|⁠) in the energy range from 0.11 MeV up to about 8 MeV. The target was placed inside the germanium spectrometer of the ANNRI detector at J-PARC and exposed to a neutron beam from the Japan Spallation Neutron Source (JSNS). Radioactive sources (⁠|$^{60}$|Co, |$^{137}$|Cs, and |$^{152}$|Eu) and the |$^{35}$|Cl(⁠|$n$|⁠,|$\gamma$|⁠) reaction were used to determine the spectrometer‘s detection efficiency for |$\gamma$| rays at energies from 0.3 to 8.5 MeV. Using a Geant4-based Monte Carlo simulation of …

PhotonPhysics - Instrumentation and DetectorsMonte Carlo methodGeneral Physics and Astronomy7. Clean energy01 natural sciencesnuclear reactionSpectral lineHigh Energy Physics - ExperimentHigh Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)H43 Software architectures[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex]n: fissionNuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)n: captureNuclear ExperimentNuclear ExperimentPhysicsdensityJ-PARC LabphotonGamma rayInstrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)Atomic physicsnumerical calculations: Monte CarloSpallation Neutron SourceNeutron captureAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomenaenergy spectrumchemistry.chemical_elementFOS: Physical sciencesGermanium[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex]n: thermalF20 Instrumentation and technique0103 physical sciencesModels of nuclear reactions[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det]Neutron capture gamma ray cascade Models of nuclear reactions Neutrinos from supernova remnant010306 general physicsD21 Models of nuclear reactionsgamma ray cascadeSpectrometer010308 nuclear & particles physicsnucleusNeutron radiationH20 Instrumentation for underground experiments* Automatic Keywords *germaniumF22 Neutrinos from supernova remnant and other astronomical objectschemistryn: beamNeutrinos from supernova remnantefficiencygamma rayspectrometerC43 Underground experimentsgadolinium
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The FiR 1 photon beam model adjustment according to in-air spectrum measurements with the Mg(Ar) ionization chamber.

2014

Abstract The mixed neutron–photon beam of FiR 1 reactor is used for boron–neutron capture therapy (BNCT) in Finland. A beam model has been defined for patient treatment planning and dosimetric calculations. The neutron beam model has been validated with an activation foil measurements. The photon beam model has not been thoroughly validated against measurements, due to the fact that the beam photon dose rate is low, at most only 2% of the total weighted patient dose at FiR 1. However, improvement of the photon dose detection accuracy is worthwhile, since the beam photon dose is of concern in the beam dosimetry. In this study, we have performed ionization chamber measurements with multiple b…

PhotonQuantitative Biology::Tissues and OrgansPhysics::Medical PhysicsMonte Carlo methodAnalytical chemistryBoron Neutron Capture TherapySensitivity and SpecificityOpticsNuclear ReactorsDosimetryPenelopeIonization ChamberDosimetryComputer SimulationPhoton beamRadiometryMonte CarloPhysicsPhotonsRadiationModels Statisticalbusiness.industryAirRadiotherapy Planning Computer-AssistedReproducibility of ResultsEquipment DesignNeutron radiationEquipment Failure AnalysisIonization chamberBNCTPhysics::Accelerator PhysicsComputer-Aided DesignDose ratebusinessMCNP5Beam (structure)Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine
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Phantom size in brachytherapy source dosimetric studies

2004

An important point to consider in a brachytherapy dosimetry study is the phantom size involved in calculations or experimental measurements. As pointed out by Williamson [Med. Phys. 18, 776-786 (1991)] this topic has a relevant influence on final dosimetric results. Presently, one-dimensional (1-D) algorithms and newly-developed 3-D correction algorithms are based on physics data that are obtained under full scatter conditions, i.e., assumed infinite phantom size. One can then assume that reference dose distributions in source dosimetry for photon brachytherapy should use an unbounded phantom size rather than phantom-like dimensions. Our aim in this paper is to study the effect of phantom s…

Photonmedicine.medical_treatmentBrachytherapyMonte Carlo methodBrachytherapyModels BiologicalSensitivity and SpecificityImaging phantomRelative biological effectivenessmedicineHumansScattering RadiationDosimetryComputer SimulationPoint (geometry)RadiometryRadioisotopesPhysicsPhantoms Imagingbusiness.industryRadiotherapy Planning Computer-AssistedReproducibility of ResultsRadiotherapy DosageGeneral MedicineRadiusComputational physicsOrgan SpecificityBody BurdenRadiopharmaceuticalsNuclear medicinebusinessMonte Carlo MethodAlgorithmsRelative Biological EffectivenessMedical Physics
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Subpicosecond transient signal spectroscopy of Prodan in dimethylformamide solution.

2008

We report a pump-probe experiment revealing the temporal evolution of subpicosecond evolution of Prodan's excited-state absorption in dimethylformamide. Also, we present calculation of the first spectral moment of this spectral band and estimation of different relaxation components on the subpicosecond time scale.

PhotonsModels StatisticalTime FactorsChemistryPhotochemistryGeneral NeuroscienceLasersRelaxation (NMR)Analytical chemistryDimethylformamideSpectral bandsEquipment DesignMolecular physicsGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular BiologyAbsorptionchemistry.chemical_compoundKineticsSpectrometry FluorescenceHistory and Philosophy of Science2-NaphthylamineDimethylformamideSpectroscopyAbsorption (electromagnetic radiation)Transient signalFluorescent DyesAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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Computational evidence in favor of a two-state, two-mode model of the retinal chromophore photoisomerization

2000

In this paper we use ab initio multiconfigurational second-order perturbation theory to establish the intrinsic photoisomerization path model of retinal chromophores. This is accomplished by computing the ground state ( S 0 ) and the first two singlet excited-state ( S 1 , S 2 ) energies along the rigorously determined photoisomerization coordinate of the rhodopsin chromophore model 4- cis -γ-methylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraeniminium cation and the bacteriorhodopsin chromophore model all- trans -hepta-2,4,6-trieniminium cation in isolated conditions. The computed S 2 and S 1 energy profiles do not show any avoided crossing feature along the S 1 reaction path and maintain an energy gap >20 kcal⋅…

PhotonsRhodopsinMultidisciplinaryPhotoisomerizationChemistryPhotochemistryAvoided crossingStatic ElectricityAb initioElectronic structureChromophoreMolecular physicsFluorescenceReaction coordinateIsomerismModels ChemicalComputational chemistryBacteriorhodopsinsPhysical SciencesAnimalsThermodynamicsComputer SimulationSinglet stateGround state
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AAV-Mediated Clarin-1 Expression in the Mouse Retina: Implications for USH3A Gene Therapy

2015

Usher syndrome type III (USH3A) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in clarin-1 (CLRN1) gene, leading to progressive retinal degeneration and sensorineural deafness. Efforts to develop therapies for preventing photoreceptor cell loss are hampered by the lack of a retinal phenotype in the existing USH3 mouse models and by conflicting reports regarding the endogenous retinal localization of clarin-1, a transmembrane protein of unknown function. In this study, we used an AAV-based approach to express CLRN1 in the mouse retina in order to determine the pattern of its subcellular localization in different cell types. We found that all major classes of retinal cells express AAV…

Photoreceptors0301 basic medicineRetinal degenerationSensory ReceptorsPhysiologyUsher syndromeCell Membraneslcsh:MedicineSocial SciencesNervous SystemPhotoreceptor cellMicechemistry.chemical_compound0302 clinical medicineAnimal CellsMedicine and Health SciencesPsychologylcsh:ScienceNeuronsRegulation of gene expressionGeneticsMultidisciplinaryRetinal DegenerationAnimal ModelsDependovirusCell biologyElectrophysiologymedicine.anatomical_structureSensory PerceptionCellular TypesAnatomyCellular Structures and OrganellesUsher SyndromesResearch ArticleSignal TransductionCell typeImaging TechniquesOcular AnatomyNeurophysiologyOuter plexiform layerMouse ModelsBiologyResearch and Analysis MethodsRetina03 medical and health sciencesModel OrganismsOcular SystemFluorescence ImagingmedicineAnimalsHumansRetinalcsh:RMembrane ProteinsBiology and Life SciencesAfferent NeuronsRetinalGenetic TherapyCell Biologymedicine.diseaseDisease Models Animal030104 developmental biologyGene Expression RegulationchemistrySynapsesEyeslcsh:QHead030217 neurology & neurosurgeryNeurosciencePLOS ONE
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Biomimetic model of a plant photosystem consisting of a recombinant light-harvesting complex and a terrylene dye.

2002

Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex ProteinsGeneral ChemistryPhotosynthesisPhotochemistryModels BiologicalCatalysisFluorescence spectroscopyRecombinant Proteinslaw.inventionLight-harvesting complexchemistry.chemical_compoundMembrane proteinchemistrylawChlorophyllRecombinant DNAPhotosynthesisPhotosystemFluorescent DyesAngewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)
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Comments on the through space singlet energy transfers and energy migration (exciton) in the light harvesting systems

2008

Recent findings on the photophysical investigations of several cofacial bisporphyrin dyads for through space singlet and triplet energy transfers raised several serious questions about the mechanism of the energy transfers and energy migration in the light harvesting devices, notably LH II, in the heavily studied purple photosynthetic bacteria. The key issue is that for simple cofacial or slipped dyads with controlled geometry using rigid spacers or spacers with limited flexibilities, the fastest possible rates for singlet energy transfer for three examples are in the 10 x 10(9)s(-1) (i.e. just in the 100 ps time scale) for donor-acceptor distances approaching 3.5-3.6 A. The reported time s…

Photosynthetic reaction centreExcitonenergy migrationLight-Harvesting Protein Complexes010402 general chemistryPhotochemistry01 natural sciencesBiochemistryModels BiologicalInorganic ChemistryElectron transferchemistry.chemical_compoundBacterial Proteinslight harvesting systemsSinglet stateBacteriochlorophyllsComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUSexcitonenergy transferMolecular Structure010405 organic chemistryChemistrybacteriochlorophyllChromophore0104 chemical sciences[CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistryRhodopseudomonasChemical physicsPicosecond[ CHIM.THEO ] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistryThermodynamicsPhotosynthetic bacteriaBacteriochlorophyllporphyrin
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