Search results for "Models"
showing 10 items of 8211 documents
The amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale predicts survival time in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients on invasive mechanical ven…
2007
Objective: To determine whether the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale (ALSFRS), which is a validated instrument that assesses the functional status and the disease progression in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), predicts hospital length of stay and survival time in ALS patients treated with tracheostomy-intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (TIPPV). Methods: Thirty-three consecutive ALS patients with acute respiratory failure who received therapy with TIPPV were prospectively followed up from their admission to the hospital until death. The association of ALSFRS score at hospital admission with length of hospital stay and survival after TIPPV were …
Epithelial-mesenchymal communication in the pathogenesis of chronic asthma.
2005
Although Th-2-mediated inflammation is a key therapeutic target in asthma, its relationship to altered structure and functions of the airways is largely unknown. In addition to inflammation, asthma is a disorder involving the airway epithelium that is more vulnerable to environmental injury and responds to this by impaired healing. This establishes a chronic wound scenario that is capable of sustaining chronic inflammation as well as remodeling. This response occurs as a consequence of activation of the epithelial-mesenchymal unit, involving reciprocal activities of growth factors belonging to the fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and transforming growth factor-beta familie…
Role of geometry and anisotropic diffusion for modelling PO2 profiles in working red muscle
1990
A 3-dimensional analytical model of O2 diffusion in heavily working muscle is proposed which considers anisotropic, myoglobin (Mb)-facilitated O2 diffusion inside the muscle fiber and a carrier-free layer separating erythrocytes and fiber. The model is used to study the effects of some commonly applied simplifying assumptions (reduced dimensionality, neglected anisotropy) on the resulting PO2 distributions: (1) In order not to underestimate PO2 drops near erythrocytes, modelling O2 transport in 3 dimensions is important. (2) For a capillary-to-fiber ratio of 1, the results from the 2-dimensional version of the present model and from a Krogh-type model which incorporates a carrier-free layer…
Factors predicting poor survival after lung-sparing radical pleurectomy of IMIG stage III malignant pleural mesothelioma.
2012
OBJECTIVES: The role of radical pleurectomy (RP) in the management of IMIG stage III in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) remains controversial. The aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility and outcome as well as to determine factors predicting poor survival. METHODS: Patients having IMIG stage III MPM were identified within a prospective multimodality treatment study (RP followed by chemoradiation) between 2002 and 2010 at a single institution. Kaplan–Meier analyses, log-rank test and Cox regression analyses were used to estimate survival and to determine predictors of survival. RESULTS: A total of 78 patients (66.3 ± 2.5 years, 65 males) underwent RP followed by chemoradiati…
Endurance training damages small airway epithelium in mice.
2007
RATIONALE: In athletes, airway inflammatory cells were found to be increased in induced sputum or bronchial biopsies. Most data were obtained after exposure to cold and dry air at rest or during exercise. Whether training affects epithelial and inflammatory cells in small airways is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To test whether endurance training under standard environmental conditions causes epithelial damage and inflammation in the small airways of mice. METHODS AND MEASUREMENTS: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung sections were obtained in sedentary (n = 14) and endurance-trained (n = 16) Swiss mice at baseline and after 15, 30, and 45 days of training. The following variables were assessed (m…
Cardioprotective effects of the serine protease inhibitor aprotinin after regional ischemia and reperfusion on the beating heart.
2002
AbstractObjective: Early coronary reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium is a desired therapeutic goal to preserve myocardium. However, reperfusion itself contributes to an additional myocardial injury (ie, reperfusion injury), which has been attributed to neutrophil infiltration with subsequent release of proteases and oxygen-derived radicals. We studied the effects of the serine protease inhibitor aprotinin (Trasylol) on myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in a rat model. Methods: The effects of aprotinin (5000 and 20,000 U/kg) were examined in vivo in a rat model of regional myocardial ischemia (20 minutes) and long-term reperfusion (24 hours). Cardioprotecive effects were determined by …
Regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in myocardium subjected to cardioplegic arrest.
2009
BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide (NO) production by both coronary endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes is thought to play a significant role in myocardial pathophysiology following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). METHODS: In thirteen pigs subjected to 1 hour cardioplegic arrest (CA) on CPB, left ventricular (LV) biopsies were collected prior to CPB (baseline), at 60 min CPA, at 15 and 30 min reperfusion on CPB, and at 120 min post CPB. LV specimens were immunocytochemically stained against phospho-eNOS Ser1177 , phospho-eNOS Thr495 , phosphorylated ERK1/2, and AKT/PKB. Four additional pigs without CA served as controls. Cardiomyocytes were quantitatively investigated using TV densitometry (gray units: …
Personalised mechanical ventilation tailored to lung morphology versus low positive end-expiratory pressure for patients with acute respiratory distr…
2019
The effect of personalised mechanical ventilation on clinical outcomes in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains uncertain and needs to be evaluated. We aimed to test whether a mechanical ventilation strategy that was personalised to individual patients' lung morphology would improve the survival of patients with ARDS when compared with standard of care.We designed a multicentre, single-blind, stratified, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial enrolling patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS in 20 university or non-university intensive care units in France. Patients older than 18 years with early ARDS for less than 12 h were randomly assigned (1:1) to either th…
Determinants of diagnostic delay in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: results from the European CTEPH Registry.
2018
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is characterised by chronic thrombi in the pulmonary arterial bed, causing pulmonary hypertension [1–3]. CTEPH is diagnosed in ∼3% of patients who survive a symptomatic acute pulmonary embolism (PE) [4]. While the surgical removal of chronic fibrotic thrombotic vascular occlusions by pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) may cure most patients with CTEPH by normalising pulmonary artery hemodynamics and improving symptoms, patients who remain not operated or do not undergo balloon pulmonary angioplasty have severe functional limitations, and poor quality of life and survival [5, 6]. Since the natural course of CTEPH involves progressive remodell…
Importance of noninvasively measured respiratory muscle overload among the causes of hospital readmission of COPD patients.
2008
To evaluate the influence of respiratory muscle overload and right cardiac overload among the possible risk factors of hospital readmission in a 1-year follow-up of a cohort of patients with moderate-to-severe COPD.A total of 112 COPD patients who were admitted consecutively to the hospital for acute exacerbation. At hospital discharge, we evaluated the conventional clinical and functional determinations in addition to the pressure-time index (PTI), which is obtained using the equation PTI = (Pawo/Pimax) x (Ti/Ttot) x 100, where Pawo represents the mean airway pressure measured at the mouth during spontaneous breathing, Pimax is the maximal inspiratory pressure, Ti is the inspiratory time, …