Search results for "Mono"

Specific dye adsorption at oriented monolayers

2007

We studied the adsorption of water soluble cyanine dyes (pseudoiso-cyanine and “stains-all”) to monomolecular layers of arachidic acid at the water-air interface in a Langmuir trough. Fluorescence microscopy was employed to on-line monitor the formation of J-aggregates upon adsorption. Large two-dimensional monodomain single crystals could be grown by this self-assembly process with optical properties reminiscent of those found and extensively studied for amphiphilic derivatives of the same chromophors [12]. In addition to the necessary Coulombic interaction between subphasedye and target monolayer, we found that details of the crystal morphology also crucially depend on substrate parameter…

Monolayer Polymerization of Diacetylene Monocarbonic Acids at the Gas-Water-Interface

1978

1992

The synthesis and the results of the structural study of two copolysiloxanes with laterally fixed trinitrofluorenone (TNF) units is reported. The two copolysiloxanes having 2,4 (1a) and 5,3 (1b) dimethylsiloxane comonomer units per TNF side group differ significantly in their phase behaviour as evident from optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray scattering: 1b shows a nematic mesophase whereas 1a is an amorphous material. The different phase behaviour is discussed in terms of microphase separation between the siloxane backbone and TNF side groups.

Electrochemical Syntheses Involving Carbon Dioxide

1990

The recent developments of electrosynthetic processes involving carbon dioxide are reviewed. Both processes involving carbon dioxide alone and electrocarboxylations are taken under consideration. The first of these two fields, mainly projected towards the production of basic chemicals such as methanol or carbon monoxide, is at present at a stage of fundamental research. Some interesting developments have recently appeared in the literature, concerning the use of electrode materials, or of transition metal complexes with particular catalytic activity. Electrocarboxylations are at a stage of more applicative development: some processes have reached the stage of pilot plant, and other have int…

Atomic Force Microscopy: Interaction Forces Measured in Phospholipid Monolayers, Bilayers, and Cell Membranes

2009

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful technique which is commonly used to image surfaces at the nanoscale and single-molecule level, as well as to investigate physical properties of the sample surface using a technique known as force spectroscopy. In this chapter, we review our recent research where we used AFM to investigate physical properties of phospholipid monolayers, bilayers, and cell membranes. We describe the experimental procedures for AFM imaging, force measurements, and theoretical models to analyze force spectroscopy data. The data obtained allowed correlations between AFM topography and local adhesion and mechanoelastic properties of supported lipid bilayers in water, su…

Methacrylate ester-based monolithic columns for nano-LC separation of tocopherols in vegetable oils

2010

The separation and determination of tocopherols (Ts) in vegetable oils by nano-LC chromatography with UV-vis detection using lauryl methacrylate ester-based monolithic columns has been developed. The separation of Ts was optimized in terms of mobile phase composition on the basis of the best compromise among efficiency, resolution and analysis time. Using a mobile phase composed of ACN/methanol/water, an excellent resolution between Ts was achieved within 18 min. The LODs were lower than 0.26 μg/mL, being repeatability values of retention time and peak area below 0.15 and 3.1%, respectively. The method was applied to the quantification of Ts and tocotrienols present in several vegetable oil…

ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Esters of Aliphatic Diacids with Pyrocatechol and Hydroquinone.

1986

Cyclic esters of adipic acid, suberic acid and sebacic acid were prepared by reaction of the acid dichlorides and pyrocatechol or hydroquinone in benzene under high dilution conditions. While only the cyclic dimers could be obtained from hydroquinone, pyrocatechol formed cyclic monomers as well as cyclic dimers (and also a cyclic dimer with succinic acid). The structure of all compounds was confirmed by1H-NMR- and mass spectra. The crystal structures of the pyrocatechol esters were determined by single crystal X-ray analysis.

Untersuchungen über die emulsionspolymerisation des acroleins. Polymere acroleine. 15. Mitteilung

1959

Die Polymerisation des Acroleins mit verschiedenen Emulgatortypen wird untersucht. Es zeigt sich, das eine Losung von Polyacrolein in wasriger schwefliger Saure ein vorzuglicher Emulgator fur die Emulsionspolymerisation von Acrolein mit Redox-Systemen ist. An diesem System wird der Einflus der Emulgatorkonzentration S, der Initiatorkonzentration ci, der Monomerkonzentration und der Temperatur gepruft. Man findet folgende Beziehungen: VBr ∼ S1/5; VBr ∼ c; und VBr ∼ M. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse werden mit den nach der Theorie von SMITH und EWART zu erwartenden verglichen und diskutiert. The polymerization of acrolein with several types of emulsifiers has been investigated. There is shown…

1977

The solution polymerization of styrene in methylene dichloride catalysed by trifluoromethanesulfonic acid takes place at a high rate even at low catalyst concentration. The S-shaped course of the conversion curves is explained by a reaction mechanism, in which the catalyst rapidly forms an inactive complex with one monomer molecule, and this monomer-acid complex is in equilibrium with the free catalyst molecule from which the propagating species are formed. Therefore, the formation of active initiating species becomes a slow process which depends also on the change of monomer concentration during polymerization. It is assumed that the active initiating species are formed from two or three m…

Polymere ester von Säuren des phosphors, 5. Ringöffnende polymerisation des 2-phenoxy-1,3,2-dioxaphospholan durch Michaelis-Arbuzov-reaktion

1977

2-Phenoxy-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane (14) was polymerized by benzyl halogenides at temperatures between 120 and 200°C. It was found that the main chain consists predominantly of unexpected ethylene 1,2-ethanediphosphonate units 7; only about 10% of the monomer was incorporated as the expected 2-hydroxyethanephosphonate structure. An insertion mechanism, proposed by Harwood and Patel for the analogous polymerization of 2-phenyl-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane, does not agree with our experimental results. A hypothesis is developed involving a two step addition process, which exclusively occurs at the chain end. Alternating, one monomer molecule is added by a normal Michaelis-Arbuzov-reaction, and then a …