Search results for "Mortality"

Implications of fisheries‐induced evolution for population recovery: Refocusing the science and refining its communication

2019

The argument that sufficiently high fishing mortality (selective or not) can effect genetic change in fished populations has gained considerable traction since the late 1970s. The intervening decades have provided compelling experimental and model‐based evidence that fisheries‐induced evolution (FIE) can cause genetic changes in life history, behaviour and body shape, given sufficiently high trait heritability, selection intensity and time. Fisheries‐induced evolution research has also identified or inferred negative implications to population recovery and sustainable yield, prompting calls for evolutionarily enlightened management to reduce the probability of FIE and mitigate its risks. Su…

Aktiivinen elää pidempään : fyysinen aktiivisuus, sydänsairaudet ja kokonaiskuolleisuus iäkkäillä ihmisillä

2015

Cormorant predation mortality of perch (Perca fluviatilis) in coastal and archipelago areas, northern Baltic Sea

2021

Abstract Perch (Perca fluviatilis) is an important prey species of the great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) in the coastal waters of the northern Baltic Sea. The annual predation mortality caused by cormorants was estimated based on the consumed numbers of perch in relation to the abundance of perch in vulnerable age groups in the sea. We used existing stock assessment data (Archipelago Sea) or a simple population model in other areas (Gulf of Finland, Bothnian Sea, and Quark), based on commercial and recreational perch catches, and estimated fishing and natural mortalities, with distributions describing our understanding about the likelihood of different values for every variable…

A 5-Year Suicide Rate of Adolescents Who Enrolled to an Open Dialogue-Based Services: A Nationwide Longitudinal Register-Based Comparison

2023

AbstractIn the Open Dialogue (OD) based psychiatric services adolescent patients receive less medication and are more often treated within an outpatient setting as compared to standard services. An evaluation of the possible risks of implementing OD are required. The aim of this longitudinal register-based study was to evaluate how treatment under OD is associated with the probability of suicide as compared standard psychiatric care. Study included all 13- to 20-year-old adolescents who enrolled to a psychiatric service in Finland in 2003–2013. The OD-group included adolescents whose treatment commenced in the Western Lapland area (n = 2107), this being the only region where OD covered all …

Personal activity intelligence and mortality : Data from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study

2021

Importance Personal activity intelligence (PAI) is a novel activity metric that can be integrated into self-assessment heart rate devices, and translates heart rate variations during exercise into a weekly score. Previous studies relating to PAI have been conducted in the same populations from Norway where the PAI metric has been derived, limiting generalizability of the results. Objective To test whether PAI is associated with total and cause-specific mortality in a large cohort from the United States. Design Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS) - a prospective cohort between January 1974 and December 2002 with a mean follow-up of 14.5 years. Setting Population-based. Participants 56,…

Do Loneliness and Social Isolation Predict Mortality Because of Hazardous Drinking?

2021

Introduction: Subjective feelings of loneliness and objective social isolation have been consistently connected with ill-health and mortality, though little work has empirically examined the mechanisms explaining the adverse effects. This study examines whether alcohol consumption explains the connection of loneliness and social isolation on mortality in different age and gender groups. Methods: The sample comprised a representative 1994 Finnish sample (n = 8,650) matched with 22-year follow-up mortality data. A multigroup path analysis with discrete survival time analyses was conducted. Results: There were unique differences in the associations between loneliness, social isolation, alcoho…

Impact of Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Survival in Men with Low Socioeconomic Status

2020

Abstract Aims Although both low socioeconomic status (SES) and poor cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with increased chronic disease and heightened mortality, it remains unclear whether moderate-to-high levels of CRF are associated with survival benefits in low SES populations. This study evaluated the hypothesis that SES and CRF predict all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality and that moderate-to-high levels of CRF may attenuate the association between low SES and increased mortality. Methods This study included 2368 men, who were followed in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Study cohort. CRF was directly measured by peak oxygen uptake during progressive exe…

Discretising Keyfitz' entropy for studies of actuarial senescence and comparative demography

2023

1. Keyfitz’ entropy is a widely used metric to quantify the shape of the survivorship curve of populations, from plants, to animals, and microbes. Keyfitz’ entropy values 1 correspond to species with a decreasing mortality rate with age (negative senescence), and a Keyfitz entropy of exactly 1 corresponds to a constant mortality rate with age. Keyfitz’ entropy was originally defined using a continuous-time model, and has since been discretised to facilitate its calculation from discrete-time demographic data. 2. Here, we show that the previously used discretisation of the continuous-time metric does not preserve the relationship with increasing, decreasing, or constant mortality rates. To r…

Liikuntaharrastus iäkkäänä : yhteys kuolleisuuteen ja avuntarpeeseen sekä terveydenhuolto liikunnan edistäjänä

2002

Mirja Hirvensalo selvitti väitöstutkimuksessaan 65–84-vuotiaidenjyväskyläläisten liikuntaharrastuksen muutosta, pysyvyyttä sekä liikunnanharrastamisen syitä ja esteitä vuonna 1988 ja kahdeksan vuotta myöhemmin,vuonna 1996.Kävelylenkkeily oli iäkkäiden jyväskyläläisten suosituin liikuntamuoto.Kolme neljäsosaa tutkituista harrasti kävelyä vielä seurannan päättyessä.Kävelylenkkeily väheni huomattavasti vasta vanhemman ikäryhmäntutkituilla, 83-92-vuotiaana. Vaikka liikuntaharrastus vähenikin kahdeksanvuoden seurannan aikana, kotivoimistelu ja ohjattuihin liikuntaryhmiinosallistuminen säilyttivät hyvin asemansa. Ohjatuissa liikuntaryhmissäliikuntaa harrasti joka kymmenes iäkkäistä jyväskyläläisi…

Temporal changes in personal activity intelligence and mortality : data from the aerobics center longitudinal study

2021

Background Personal activity intelligence (PAI) is a metric developed to simplify a physically active lifestyle for the participants. Regardless of following today's advice for physical activity, a PAI score ≥100 per week at baseline, an increase in PAI score, and a sustained high PAI score over time were found to delay premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in a large population of Norwegians. However, the association between long-term temporal change in PAI and mortality in other populations have not been investigated. Objective To test whether temporal change in PAI is associated with CVD and all-cause mortality in a large population from the United States. Method…