Search results for "Mortality"
showing 10 items of 1406 documents
Development and validation of prediction model to estimate 10-year risk of all-cause mortality using modern statistical learning methods: a large pop…
2021
Abstract Background In increasingly ageing populations, there is an emergent need to develop a robust prediction model for estimating an individual absolute risk for all-cause mortality, so that relevant assessments and interventions can be targeted appropriately. The objective of the study was to derive, evaluate and validate (internally and externally) a risk prediction model allowing rapid estimations of an absolute risk of all-cause mortality in the following 10 years. Methods For the model development, data came from English Longitudinal Study of Ageing study, which comprised 9154 population-representative individuals aged 50–75 years, 1240 (13.5%) of whom died during the 10-year follo…
Anti-aging: Myth or reality
2019
Aging of the world populations embodies a remarkable success of humankind and a source of challenge. Aging is a complex, continuous, multifactorial process that is accompanied by a progressive loss of physical and mental functions and the onset of various age-related diseases, which are not caused by aging per se. Currently, an increasing number of people are asking to arrive at advanced age in good health overcoming the modifications elicited by aging (the dream of remaining young forever). In the past decades there have been remarkable advances in the understanding of the aging process from results of biogerontological research in experimental models, that is, life extension through genet…
Mediterranean diet and longevity
2019
The world average life expectancy has increased remarkably in the past century and continues to increase relentlessly. A long life is desirable but best if lived in good physical and mental health. Among the various dietary patterns, a large body of research data suggest that the traditional dietary habits and lifestyle unique to the Mediterranean region are associated with lower incidence of chronic diseases and improve longevity. Starting with the first data from the Seven Countries Study, numerous observational, prospective, and trial-based investigations in different populations have thereafter supported the benefits of adhering to the Mediterranean dietary pattern regarding reduced mor…
Estimating COVID-19-induced Excess Mortality in Lombardy, Italy.
2022
We compare the expected all-cause mortality with the observed one for different age classes during the pandemic in Lombardy, which was the epicenter of the epidemic in Italy. The first case in Italy was found in Lombardy in early 2020, and the first wave was mainly centered in Lombardy. The other three waves, in Autumn 2020, March 2021 and Summer 2021 are also characterized by a high number of cases in absolute terms. A generalized linear mixed model is introduced to model weekly mortality from 2011 to 2019, taking into account seasonal patterns and year-specific trends. Based on the 2019 year-specific conditional best linear unbiased predictions, a significant excess of mortality is estima…
Role of Crassicauda sp. in natural mortality of pantropical spotted dolphins Stenella attenuata: a reassesment
2014
Evaluating the effect of parasites on population size is essential for designing management and conservation plans of wild animal populations. Although knowledge in this area is scarce in cetaceans, current evidence suggests that species of the nematode genus Crassicauda may play an important regulatory role in some populations. In the present study, a semiparametric regression technique is applied to a previously published dataset to re-examine the role of Crassicauda sp. in natural mortality of pantropical spotted dolphins Stenella attenuata. The resulting model indicated parasite-induced mortality at ages between 6.5 and 9 years and at roughly 12 years. The maximum mortality estimates ob…
Necrotizing fasciitis of the face: A life-threatening condition
2009
Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a highly aggressive infectious process, polymicrobial in nature, involving soft tissues with a high risk of rapid spread through superficial and deep fascial planes and muscular layers. Cervical NF is quite rare, is mostly of odontogenic origin, and may be complicated by descendant mediastinitis with a very high mortality rate. Systemic conditions impairing the patient's immune competence, such as diabetes, may play a predisposing role. An effective treatment strategy includes prompt diagnosis (clinical findings, local microbiological tests, blood culture and, if deemed necessary, histopathology), broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy as early as possible which sho…
Prophylactic or therapeutic doses of heparins for COVID-19 infection? A retrospective study
2020
Background: Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a global outbreak. COVID-19 patients seem to have relevant coagulative abnormalities, even if they are not typical of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) of the kind seen in septicaemia. Therefore, anticoagulant therapy with heparins is increasing in interest for a clinical approach to these patients, particularly if older. Studies comparing if prophylactic doses are more effective than therapeutic ones are still missing. Methods: Data were collected in the Geriatric Section of the Dolo Hospital, ULSS 3 “Serenissima”, Venice from 31st March to 01st May 2020. Heparins (calciparin, fondaparinux, enoxaparine) were divided into prophyla…
Association between the multidimensional prognostic index and mortality during 15 Years of Follow-up in the InCHIANTI Study
2020
Abstract Background Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI) is recognized as a prognostic tool in hospitalized patients, but data on the value of MPI in community-dwelling older persons are limited. Using data from a representative cohort of community-dwelling persons, we tested the hypothesis that MPI explains mortality during 15 years of follow-up. Methods A standardized comprehensive geriatric assessment was used to calculate the MPI and to categorize participants in low-, moderate-, and high-risk classes. The results were reported as hazard ratios (HRs) and the accuracy was evaluated with the area under the curve (AUC), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and the C-index. We also report…
Frailty and leucocyte count are predictors of all-cause mortality and hospitalization length in non-demented institutionalized older women.
2017
Alteration in the immune system such as the number of white blood cells count (WBC) has been associated with frailty syndrome but their role in institutionalized older individuals have been rarely investigated. We evaluated the relationships between white blood cell subtypes, geriatric assessment, depression and frailty syndrome based on the criteria of physical phenotype. In particular, we aimed to analyze by a two-year follow-up and prospective study the predictive value of alterations in WBC, frailty and functional impairment in terms of hospitalizations and all-cause mortality in institutionalized older women. There was a significant and inverse correlation between the frailty score and…
An Epidemiological Study to Investigate Links between Atmospheric Pollution from Farming and SARS-CoV-2 Mortality.
2022
Exposure to atmospheric particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide has been linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection and death. We hypothesized that long-term exposure to farming-related air pollutants might predispose to an increased risk of COVID-19-related death. To test this hypothesis, we performed an ecological study of five Italian Regions (Piedmont, Lombardy, Veneto, Emilia-Romagna and Sicily), linking all-cause mortality by province (administrative entities within regions) to data on atmospheric concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and ammonia (NH3), which are mainly produced by agricultural activities. The study outcome was change in all-cause mortality during March–Apri…