Search results for "Motor act"
showing 10 items of 495 documents
Psychomotor reactions of aggressive and non-aggressive extrovert children.
1974
.— The subjects comprised two, matched, extremely aggressive (experimental ExG and control) groups of twelve 8–year-old boys, and one criterion group of extrovert, well-controlled boys. The ExG was submitted to a treatment of eight lesson? with the aim of making an individual realize non-aggressive, constructive ways of coping with situations. Video-tape recording was used. The results showed that (1) aggressively extrovert children were more impulsive and utilized more space than the constructively extrovert, (2) psychomotor characteristics were more stable over situations than aggressive and constructive coping strategies, and (3) no changes in the psychomotor characteristics of the ExG, …
Relationships between depressive symptoms and self-reported unintentional injuries: the cross-sectional population–based FIN-D2D survey
2012
Background There is a lack of knowledge on the influence of different levels of physical activity (PA) on unintentional injuries among those with depressive symptoms (DS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between PA categories and unintentional injuries among participants with and without DS based on a cross-sectional population–based FIN-D2D survey conducted in 2007. Methods Out of 4500, 2682 participants (60%) aged 45–74 years attended in this study. The unintentional injuries over the past year were captured in a questionnaire. DS were determined with the Beck Depression Inventory (≥ 10 points) and PA with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The stati…
Longitudinal changes in physical activity, sedentary behavior and body mass index in adolescence: Migrations towards different weight cluster
2016
This study examined longitudinal changes in physical activity, sedentary behavior and body mass index in adolescents, specifically their migrations towards a different weight cluster. A cohort of 755 adolescents participated in a three-year study. A clustering Self-Organized Maps Analysis was performed to visualize changes in subjects' characteristics between the first and second assessment, and how adolescents were grouped. Also a classification tree was used to identify the behavioral characteristics of the groups that changed their weight cluster. Results indicated that boys were more active and less sedentary than girls. Boys were especially keen to technological-based activities while …
Dual motor responses elicited by ethanol in the posterior VTA: Consequences of the blockade of μ-opioid receptors
2015
A recent hypothesis, based on electrophysiological and behavioural findings, suggests that ethanol simultaneously exerts opposed effects on the activity of dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) through two parallel mechanisms, one promoting and the other reducing the GABA release onto VTA DA neurons. In this sense, the activating effects are mediated by salsolinol, a metabolite of ethanol, acting on the μ-opioid receptors (MORs) located in VTA GABA neurons. The inhibitory effects are, however, triggered by the non-metabolized fraction of ethanol which would cause the GABAA receptors-mediated inhibition of VTA DA neurons. Since both trends tend to offset each other, only…
Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid affects the acquisition and reinstatement of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference in mice
2006
Cocaine addicts very often use different combinations of cocaine and other drugs of abuse such as gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the impact of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid administration on the rewarding actions of cocaine, using the conditioned place preference procedure. Cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (50 mg/kg) was studied after pairing this drug with different gamma-hydroxybutyric acid doses (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) during either the acquisition or the expression phase of the procedure. After conditioned place preference had been established, and the preference was extinguished, a reinstatement was induced by a dose of c…
Cocaine exposure during adolescence affects anxiety in adult mice.
2006
Psychostimulant drugs such as cocaine have profound and long-lasting neurobiological effects, which may affect anxiety or social behaviors. These actions could be greater when cocaine is administered during a developmental period such as adolescence. The present work attempts to further clarify the long-lasting effects of cocaine administration on mice, examining three major variables: age; pattern of drug administration; and housing conditions. Adolescent (postnatal day 26) or early adult mice (postnatal day 46) were exposed to a daily or binge cocaine administration and 15 days later their behavior was evaluated, the mice being housed either in isolation or in groups during this stage. Af…
Strain Differences in Open-Field and Elevated Plus-Maze Behavior of Rats Without and With Pretest Handling
1998
Behavior of two rat strains was analyzed with and without 1-week pretest handling. Male rats (150-200 g body weight) of the strains PVG/OlaHsd (PVG) and Hsd:Sprague-DawleySD (SPRD) were tested once in a standard open field and an enriched open field and twice in an elevated plus-maze. Behavioral analysis revealed significant differences between the two strains and differential effects of the pretest handling procedure. SPRD rats displayed higher levels of activity and exploratory behavior than the PVG rats, whereas PVG rats were obviously less anxious. One-week pretest handling had an "anxiolytic" effect and changed activity and exploration-related behavior of the animals in both strains. A…
Symptom-specific amygdala hyperactivity modulates motor control network in conversion disorder
2016
Initial historical accounts as well as recent data suggest that emotion processing is dysfunctional in conversion disorder patients and that this alteration may be the pathomechanistic neurocognitive basis for symptoms in conversion disorder. However, to date evidence of direct interaction of altered negative emotion processing with motor control networks in conversion disorder is still lacking. To specifically study the neural correlates of emotion processing interacting with motor networks we used a task combining emotional and sensorimotor stimuli both separately as well as simultaneously during functional magnetic resonance imaging in a well characterized group of 13 conversion disorder…
Masked identity priming reflects an encoding advantage in developing readers.
2019
Abstract The masked priming technique is widely used to explore the early moments of letter and word identification. Although this technique is increasingly used in experiments with young readers, the mechanism in play during masked priming with early readers has not yet been fully explored. We investigated the masked priming effects from a modeling perspective; we instantiated competing theories as data models (using Bayes factors) and as a computational model (diffusion model). We carried out a masked priming experiment using identity primes with second- and fourth-grade participants, and we analyzed the data through an evidence accumulation model lens. The priming effect manifests as a s…
Anticonvulsant and antidepressant activity of the selected terpene GABA derivatives in experimental tests in mice
2006
The present study was designed to investigate the central nervous system activity of terpene GABA (and piracetam) derivatives designated as BF-1, BF-2, BF-3, BF-4, BF-5, BF-6. We assessed their anticonvulsant activity in the two main mouse models of seizures (MES-test, PTZ-test), an antidepressant-like effect in the forced swim test (FST), as well as an influence on spontaneous locomotor activity. Our study demonstrated the strong anticonvulsant activity of (1S,3R,7R)-(-)-3,8,8-trimethyl-4-aza-bicyclo[5.1.0]acetate-5-one hydrochloride (compound BF-2) in the PTZ-test. Activity of BF-2 was equipotent to ethosuximide (380 mg/kg, po) in the PTZ-test, when used at a dose of 100 mg/kg, po. No neu…